How to evaluate the toxicity of exogenous chemicals in toxicology

1. Descriptive toxicology: evaluate and describe the health hazards that foreign chemicals may cause to contacts, including qualitative description (i.e., whether it causes health hazards) and quantitative description (dose-response relationship).

For example, when assessing the risk of cadmium metal, animal experiments and epidemiological data are used to qualitatively evaluate the health hazards of cadmium to the population, which belongs to the category of describing toxicology; In addition, the evaluation of the dose-response relationship of cadmium-induced renal impairment also belongs to the category of describing toxicology.

2. Mechanistic toxicology: to study the biological transport and biotransformation process of exogenous chemicals, and how to react with target organs to cause adverse biological changes. (For example, the study of quantitative structure-activity relationships is one of the important contents).

For example, in the same study, if you want to study the specific physiological and biochemical mechanisms of cadmium-induced kidney damage, this belongs to the category of mechanism toxicology.

3. Management toxicology: Combine social, economic, cultural and other factors to make management decisions to reduce the risk of exposure to exogenous chemicals and ensure human health.

For example, after the hazard identification, dose-response relationship evaluation, exposure assessment and risk characterization of cadmium, it is necessary to formulate corresponding health standards, laws and regulations and management measures to avoid or reduce the harm of cadmium to human health, which belongs to the category of management toxicology.

No effect concentration and critical concentration (range).

The maximum non-effect concentration is also known as subrhreshold concentrationIn the sucking scale into toxicity experiment, the most sensitive experimental animal breeds and toxicity indicators were applied, and the highest concentration of no toxic effect was observed.

The critical concentration means that corrosion can only occur if the concentration of chloride ions around the rebar exceeds this value. The second stage is the corrosion development stage, in which the corrosion of the steel bar will cause the loss of steel bar section and/or bond strength, resulting in the reduction of the overall resistance of structural components and structures.

2 Safety Limits.

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is the bioconcentration factor.

The ratio of the concentration of certain elements or refractory compounds in an organism to the concentration of that substance in the environment in which it lives can be used to express the degree of biological concentration.

4 Adverse effects.

Toxic effects of toxic and harmful substances on the harm of living organisms and adverse results.

5 Biological toxicity and ecological spike toxicity.

Biotoxicity refers to the relative ability of a foreign chemical to cause damage when it comes into contact with the body or enters a susceptible part of the body, or simply the ability to damage an organism.

Ecotoxicity is one of the hazard characteristics of hazardous wastes, and the basis for determining ecotoxicity indicators is the ecotoxicology of toxic chemicals and solid wastes.