The history of the development of modern toxicology, the role and contribution of toxicology in econ

Summary. Since the research purpose of toxicology is to provide a scientific basis for protecting the health or safety of organisms, toxicology belongs to preventive medicine in terms of disciplinary nature, which runs through the idea of prevention first. Since toxicology has a wide range of research objects, including chemical factors, physical factors, and biological factors, while organisms include humans, animals, and plants, toxicology is related to pharmacology, physiology, pathology, chemistry, biochemistry, and biology; Links with industry, agriculture, economy; Links with forensic science, clinical medicine, ecology and environmental protection; It can be said that it has a connection with the entire future of life on Earth.

Therefore, toxicology has a wide range of applications in clinical medicine, pharmacy, environmental protection, zoology, eugenics, occupational labor protection and food hygiene. Therefore, the classification of toxicology is very complex and can be classified from different perspectives, and it is not completely consistent.

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The currently accepted definition of toxicology is the science of studying the hazards of exogenous chemicals to living organisms.

Since the purpose of toxicology is to provide a scientific basis for the protection of the health or safety of organisms, toxicology belongs to preventive medicine in terms of the nature of the discipline, which runs through the idea of prevention first. The research object of toxicology is extensive, including chemical factors, physical factors, and biological factors, and organisms include humans, animals, and plants, so toxicology is related to pharmacology, physiology, pathology, chemistry, biochemistry, and biology; Links with industry, agriculture, economy; Links to forensic science, clinical medicine, ecology and environmental protection; It can be said that it has a connection with the entire future of life on Earth. Therefore, toxicology has a wide range of applications in clinical medicine, pharmacy, environmental protection, zoology, eugenics, occupational labor protection and food hygiene.

Therefore, the classification of toxicology is very complex and can be classified from different perspectives, and it is not completely consistent.

Toxicology plays a huge role in the development and process of the whole society, and analyzes the effects of biological and chemical substances on the overall human health. As far as the toxicological knowledge that we are more likely to encounter in our daily life, it is the camphor wood strips and some mothballs that are easy to see in our daily life. Tung orange.

1.Describe the toxicology.

The results of drug toxicity are usually considered directly only, providing toxicological information for drug safety evaluation and other routine needs.

2.Mechanistic toxicology elucidates the mechanism of toxic effects of drugs on the body through the study of physiological and biochemical changes in the toxicity of drugs to cells or tissues.

3.Applied Toxicology Based on the information provided by the description of toxicology and/or mechanistic toxicology, systematic toxicity studies are conducted to determine whether a particular test drug presents a sufficiently low risk.

In the 50s of the 20th century, toxicology research in China mainly focused on the following aspects:

1.Pesticide toxicity research: Due to the possible negative effects of pesticides on the environment and human health, China has begun to conduct toxicity studies on pesticides.

2.Toxicology research of new drugs: China has begun to develop new drugs, and conduct toxicity studies on new drugs to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

3.Chemical toxicology research: With the development of the chemical industry, China has begun to study the toxicity of various chemical substances to ensure the safety of workers and the public.

4.Food toxicology research: In order to ensure the safety and quality of food, we have started to study toxins in food, as well as evaluate the toxicity of additives and contaminants.

These studies have laid a foundation for the development of toxicology in China, and also played a positive role in protecting public health and promoting economic and social development.

1 Pinyin 2 English references.

3 annotation lín chuáng dú lǐ xuéclinical toxicology

clinical toxicology

An earlier developed branch of toxicology.

It mainly studies the clinical manifestations of drugs, pesticides and industrial chemicals and the occurrence and development of starvation, diagnosis and methods, mostly targeting poisoned patients, and also conducts clinical biochemical and physiological methods of overdose contact with people. Sometimes, the Shouliang poison model in animals is also copied to explore the poisoning mechanism and antidote, so as to provide effective prevention and control measures for early diagnosis, first aid and poisoning of poisoning, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of drug-borne diseases, occupational poisoning and accident poisoning.

In 1790, a chemist named John Maysrang Pure Bonding discovered that if a substance contained arsenic, then after the substance was heated, a white layer of arsenic oxide would appear on the metal plate when the cool metal plate was placed on top of the steam. Although this layer of arsenic can prove that the substance has been impregnated with arsenic, it cannot tell whether arsenic has been absorbed in the body.

After 1806, this problem was solved by Dr. Valentin Rhodes. At the time, he was working at a forest chemical plant, and he extracted the stomach contents of a corpse, which was then boiled in a pool to remove the remaining muscle tissue by filtration. He then treated this filtrate with nitric acid, which made it easier to form arsenic mirrors.

The greatest development in toxicology to date was in 1836. Chemist James Marcy invented a solution to the smallest dose of arsenic. This approach is similar to Meggs's method.

However, instead of letting the steam evaporate onto the metal plate as before, it allows most of the steam to enter the air. The entire procedure is carried out in a U-shaped test tube. The inflow and exit of steam in the pipe can only be through a small nozzle.

The suspect substance is dropped on a zinc disc, which is then covered with a thin layer of sulphuric acid for the purpose of producing hydrogen. Any arsenic-containing gas is heated through the test tube and when it reaches the cooled part of the test tube, it condenses to form an arsenic mirror. Arsenoscopic reactions have been used until now.

Of course, arsenic is not the only one used by poisoners**, in addition to traditional poisons such as caravine and cyanide. To solve every type of poisoning case, modern analysts must constantly fight against new poisons.