Electrophile sorting, what are the electrophiles

Nucleophilic: cn-, i-, oh-, br-, cl-, rcoo-, h2o (large to small).

I really don't know how to sort the electrophilic, so I can only list a few for you: x2, hx, h2so4, hox

Refer to the fourth edition of organic chemistry, the link sent to you hi.

Nucleophilicity: rs-cn NH3(RNH2) I-ro- -oh br-cl-roh H2O

What I wrote is all ions, and the negative signs of -cn and -oh are written on the left to highlight that c and o are negatively charged) nucleophilicity = alkaline + polarizable. Polarizability is a rather "ethereal" property that is not easy to determine.

Below I write about the relationship between nucleophilic and alkaline:

1. For the same element, the two are consistent (no need to explain, the polarizability remains the same):

CH3O- -OH pho- CH3COO- NO3- CH3OH2, the same period (from left to right), the alkalinity decreases, and the nucleophilicity decreases (the alkaline effect prevails):

r3c-＞r2n-＞ro-＞f-

3. In the same main family (from top to bottom), the alkalinity decreases and the nucleophilicity increases (the polarizability effect prevails).

Basic: F-Cl-Br-I-

Nucleophilicity: F-Cl-Br-I-

As for the electrophiles, there is little need to be sequenced, because the electrophilic reaction generally does not show a comparison of the electrophilicity of the two electrophiles, and it is generally a cationic ......

However, I guess it may be somewhat similar to nucleophilicity, and there may be: electrophilicity = acidic + polarizability......

Question 1: What are the electrophiles Electrophiles: bromine, chlorine, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, hypochlorous acid, hypobromic acid, etc.

Question 2: What are electrophiles and nucleophiles? What are the common ones? 10 Cents electrophile is a substance that accepts electrons in the rolling residual crack reaction and shares with it. It itself is electron-deficient. For example: H+, ALCL3

Nucleophiles are substances that can donate electrons in a reaction and are shared with them. It itself has a negative charge or lone electron pairs. For example: OHC, NH3

Electrophiles tend to attack negatively charged (or partially negatively charged) parts of reactant molecules.

Nucleophiles tend to attack the positively charged (or partially positively charged) parts of the reactant molecule.

Reactions caused by electrophiles attacking reactants Electrophilic reactions; The reaction caused by the nucleophile attacking the reactant is a nucleophilic reaction. In this way, the main difference between electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions is whether electrophiles or nucleophiles are attacking the substrate.

Question 3: What are nucleophiles? Are those electrophiles? How to distinguish nucleophilic: the positive charge is easily accessible and may itself have a negative charge; Electrophilic: Easily accessible to negative charges, may itself have a positive charge.

Question 4: The difference between electrophiles and nucleophiles Superficially, the groups that react with them are different. Electrophiles react with electron-rich groups (c=c, c c, aromatic rings include heterocycles), nucleophiles and electron-deficient groups (such as nucleophilic substituted leaving groups, that is, sn1, sn2; There are also carbonyl groups, including aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, cyano)

Essentially, it's the difference in electron density. Electrophiles are generally lacking in large closed electrons, such as halogen elemental (think of electrons becoming halogen aniions), hypohaloic acid, hydrogen halide; Nucleophiles are electron-rich, such as SN1 and SN2 are the substitution of negative ions (especially in alkaline environments), and nucleophilic addition is also electron-rich and even negative ions to attack.

Other electrophiles include organophosphate compounds, iodoacetic acid, and epoxides, the former including diisopropyl fluorophosphoric acid and isopropyl methyl fluorophosphate.

An electrophile (meaning an electron-loving substance) is a chemical reagent that has electrophilicity in a chemical reaction, which can be expressed by E+ [1]. Electrophiles contain less energetic empty electron orbitals that are capable of forming new bonding bonds. Electrophiles can be either neutral or electropositive.

The so-called electrophile is an electron-to-acceptor, i.e., Lewis acid. During the reaction, it tends to bind to electronegative species, and since electrons are electronegative, "electrophilic" means "electronegativity". The corresponding concept is "nucleophile".

There are seven common electrophiles: bromine, chlorine, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, and hypochlorous acid.

Electrophile: refers to a chemical reagent that has electrophilicity in a chemical reaction, which can be expressed by E+. Electrophiles contain less energetic empty electron orbitals that are capable of forming new chemical simple clear bonds. Electrophiles can be either neutral or electropositive.

The so-called electrophile is an electron-to-acceptor, i.e., Lewis acid. During the reaction, it tends to bind to electronegative species, and since electrons are electronegative, "electrophilic" means "electronegativity". The corresponding concept is "nucleophile".

Electrophiles refer to atoms or molecules that have an affinity for atoms or molecules containing bondable electron pairs in organic chemical reactions. Electrophiles are generally positively charged reagents or neutral molecules with empty p or d orbitals that can accept electron pairs.

Because electrophiles can accept electrons, they are Lewis acids. Most electrophiles are electropositive, with one atom with a forward bending pre-charge, or one atom that does not have octaporeal electrons. Whereas, electrophiles that are electroneutral tend to have empty orbitals and can accept electrons.

Common electrophiles in organic chemistry are cations (e.g., H and NO2), polar molecules (e.g., hydrogen halides, halogenated hydrocarbons, acyl halides, and carbonyl compounds), polarizable electromolecules (e.g., Cl2 and Bri2), oxidants (e.g., organic peroxyacids), reagents that do not have octaposome electrons (e.g., carbenees and radicals), and certain Lewis acids (e.g., BH3 and Dibal).