What are the precautions for the use of penicillin medication care?

The allergic reaction to penicillin is more serious, and a skin test should be done before taking the drug, and it can only be used if it is negative; At the same time, the inspection of drug patients should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of allergic reactions!

Be sure to do a skin test before using penicillin, because some people are allergic to penicillin, and if you don't do it, it may have adverse consequences.

1 Regardless of the route of administration, before using penicillins, patients must be asked in detail whether they have a history of penicillin allergy, allergy to other drugs, and allergic diseases, and must first do a penicillin** test.

2. Once anaphylactic shock occurs, the patient must be rescued on the spot, and the patient must be immediately injected with epinephrine, and given anti-shock such as oxygen inhalation, vasopressors, and adrenocorticosteroids**.

3 Systemic use of high-dose penicillin can cause central nervous system reactions such as enhanced tendon reflexes, muscle spasms, convulsions, and coma (penicillin encephalopathy), which are prone to occur in the elderly and patients with reduced renal function.

4 Penicillin is not used for intrathecal injection.

5 Penicillin potassium salt should not be given intravenously quickly.

6. This class of drugs is easily inactivated in alkaline solution.

First of all, you have to do a test to see if you will be allergic, if you are not allergic, you can use it, and there is generally nothing else.

Be aware of allergic reactions and be careful not to drink alcohol after use.

01 Be sure to ask about the patient's medical history, allergies, and family history.

02 Before injecting penicillin, be sure to conduct a ** allergy test.

03 **The test and injection of penicillin solution must be prepared temporarily.

04 When conducting ** tests and injecting penicillin, first-aid medicines and equipment must be prepared next to it.

05 Hunger administration should be avoided during injection, otherwise it is easy to cause allergic reactions to Zen friends.

06 After penicillin injection, observe for at least 30 minutes.

07 If penicillin allergy occurs, subcutaneous injection of epinephrine hydrochloride should be given immediately.

Penicillin is certainly not the right to be given once a day, and the correct dosage is every 6 hours, or four times a day.

Theoretically speaking, the frequency of drug usage is the most effective half-life of the drug, and the blood concentration is stable and plays the best role. But in the case of penicillin, it is not necessary, because the bactericidal mechanism of penicillin is that the drug acts on the bacterial cell wall, and the synthesis of the cell wall used is inhibited, so that the bacteria die. According to this principle, it is easy to understand that bacteria need to synthesize cell walls during the growth and reproduction period, and bacteria in the dormant period (inactive period) will not be affected by penicillin, therefore, penicillin does not need to maintain a constant and sufficient blood concentration for 24 hours, and can be used at intervals, and the blood drug peak can be used about four times a day, so that after a batch of bacteria in the reproductive period is killed, a batch of dormant bacteria will be transformed into the reproductive period after a while, and a new round of penicillin attack will be encountered. So repeatedly, twice the result with half the effort.

However, because the half-life of penicillin is only less than 1 hour, the use of once a day is too small and inappropriate, and the consensus of the academic community is that most people advocate 4 times.

Cannot be combined with alkaline drugs In veterinary clinics, the common compatibility of penicillin with iodosamine sodium salt injection or sodium bicarbonate injection is common. It cannot be compatible with acidic drugs. It is not right that someone dissolves penicillin with oxytetracycline and streptomycin in distilled water and sprays chicks with infectious bronchitis.

Because the pH value of oxytetracycline solution is, it is a highly acidic drug. There are many acidic drugs below pH 5, such as tetracycline injection, epinephrine injection, camperine hydrochloride injection, adenosine triphosphate for injection, glucose injection, potassium chloride injection, calcium chloride injection, sorbitol injection, mannitol injection, corticotropin for injection, demerol injection, chlorpromazine hydrochloride injection, posterior pituitary injection, ergometrine maleate injection, oxytocin injection, etc., which are not compatible with penicillin. It cannot be compatible with hydrocortisone injection with alcohol below 2%, which has no destructive effect on penicillin; When it is higher than 2%, it has a slight destructive effect; More than 25% alcohol can make penicillin ineffective.

It cannot be compatible with injections that are turbid, precipitate and reduce potency after compatibility, such as kanamycin sulfate injection, coenzyme A for injection, cytochrome C for injection, aminophylline injection, promethazine hydrochloride injection, erythromycin lactobionate for injection, sodium thiopental for injection, etc. It cannot be compatible with a high concentration of procaine hydrochloride solution The optimal concentration of procaine hydrochloride is. If the concentration is too high, it will have the opposite effect.

Penicillin cannot be taken orally in monogastric animals such as pigs, donkeys, mules, and horses. Polygastric animals, such as cattle and sheep, can take penicillin orally. 2. What penicillin should be done when using must be repeated The drug must be repeated, otherwise those who miss the net and the newly propagated microorganisms will produce drug resistance and be more harmful.

The dose must be repeated every 4 to 6 hours. Dissolve penicillin with a solvent that delays the duration of penicillin's action in the body (eg, procaine hydrochloride) and repeat the drug every 8 to 12 hours. It must be observed after use in the rescue of animals that have an allergic reaction to penicillin.

There is no requirement for allergy testing in the veterinary community, and before using the drug, ask the owner whether the affected animal has a history of penicillin allergy, and if so, switch to other antibiotics; If not, observe for at least half an hour after penicillin injection, and if there is no response, it is considered safe. If penicillin allergy occurs in livestock, it should be rescued immediately. Epinephrine hydrochloride injection can be used subcutaneously.

Dosage: 5 ml of pigs, sheep, foals and calves, and 5 ml of cattle and horses. It can also be diluted 10 times intravenously, and the dosage can be halved.

It can also be intravenously injected with 10% calcium gluconate injection, 200 ml of pigs, sheep, foals and calves, and 500 ml of cattle and horses.

10 days before: 5-80,000 units per chicken, 10-20 days: 10-120,000 units per chicken, 20 days later: 15-200,000 units per chicken. (twice a day).

Raw powder: 5 catties of water per gram. (It is recommended to ask the sales manufacturer).

Precautions: 1. It is easy to react with other drugs, so it is not recommended to use it at the same time, and it can be used separately.

2. When the drug enters the body, it is easy to be destroyed by gastric acid, so adding 10ppm cimetidine can increase efficiency.

3. Probenecid and salicylic acid can increase efficiency.

4. Poultry is safe to use and not easy to be poisoned.

Penicillin for injection cannot be taken orally, it is unstable in acid and base, and our stomach acid will make the drug ineffective. Penicillin allergy has nothing to do with dosage, and some people with high allergies will be allergic even if they smell penicillin or are in an environment where penicillin is present. You can choose other oral formulations of penicillin, and if you are allergic to one penicillin, you should not use other drugs, and there will be cross-allergic reactions between them.

Switching to a different antibiotic will do.

For example, amoxicillin capsules are oral penicillin antibiotics, oral drugs are also effective, oral penicillin antibiotics are less likely to have allergic reactions, but patients who are confirmed to be penicillin allergic cannot take amoxicillin and other penicillin antibiotics orally.