Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, which language is closer to the Chinese system?

The following attempts to describe a scene from the Southern Dynasties:

a. The ancestors of Vietnamese and Thai languages lived with Chinese peasants under the county system of the ** empire for hundreds of years.

Recently, I was surprised to find that the Thai sound is actually called siang (because the number of ancient Chinese loanwords in the Zhuang Dai Zu language is extremely large, including a whole set of numerals (double, three, four, five......).The earthly branch (Zi Chou Yin Mao......Business word (Shijia price......It feels a lot like some kind of standardized, lingua franca of the Han Dynasty Cantonese language.

Judging from the fact that there are still a large number of Middle Chinese loanwords in the Thai language, at least until the time of the Southern Dynasties, the scope of the dai branch was still distributed within the counties under Guangzhou, otherwise it would be impossible to borrow Middle Chinese words of this level as sound. Moreover, the Zhuang Dai people called the Vietnamese Jiao k u, which is also consistent with the administrative division of Guangzhou vs Jiaozhou that Sun Wu began.

The large number of Zhuang Dai loanwords in the Vietnamese ancestral language is the result of the influence of the Han Dynasty Guangzhou language (Nanhai County) on the Han Dynasty Jiaozhou language (Jiaozhi County), and the appearance of these loanwords is also in line with the phonetic history of the Vietnamese language itself.

b. Vietnamese is also very interesting, the Vietnamese sound is called tieng, which also comes from the Chinese sound, and it also comes from the same clear sourceMiddle Chinese, and even equally clearly fromMiddle Chinese (Southern Dynasties) before the Tang Dynasty, because the Tang Dynasty layer of Vietnamese pronounced thanh.

c. The same is true of the Min language, although the main core comes from the Sun-Wu language, but the Hokkien language sound = siann, which is clearly from the Middle Chinese of the Southern Dynasties. Even Pingsheng = piann siann, both characters are definite Southern Dynasty layers, reflecting the beginning of the development of Southern Dynasty phonology. The Sun Wu layer of Ping is penn (d, Japanese Ping Sheng = hyō syō = Wu Yin (Southern Dynasty layer), not the Tang Dynasty layer.

e. The language style of the Southern Dynasties: This language should be incomprehensible to the people of the Northern Dynasties. Although the phonetics of these dialects were strongly influenced by the Tang Dynasty Tongyu, the vocabulary of the Southern Dynasties persisted into the 21st century.

<> 480 temples in the Southern Dynasties, how many buildings are in the smoke and rain.

Japanese is closer to the Chinese system, and now it can be seen that it has a certain connection with the Chinese language, and some characters are still used in traditional Chinese characters. The Japanese language itself is a language system formed after the transformation of the Chinese language.

Japanese, Japanese is created from the Chinese Chinese language, so Japanese is a language closer to the Chinese system.

Japanese. There are many kanji in the Japanese language, all of which are borrowed from Chinese kanji. And some of them have a similar pronunciation. Neither Korean nor Cantonese has any Chinese characters.

Personally, I believe that among the three languages, Japanese, Korean Chinese, and Vietnamese, Vietnamese is the closest to Chinese.

Of course, the closest thing to Chinese is Vietnamese. However, the gap between Japanese and Korean and Chinese is even greater, and the gap between Japanese and Korean is a bit greater.

Let's talk about why there is a big difference between Japanese and Korean. Although the modern view is that Vietnamese and Chinese belong to two different language families, Vietnamese and Chinese belong to the same category in terms of linguistic morphological classification, while Japanese and Korean Chinese and Chinese are not. The following is a brief introduction to the classification of linguistic forms.

Currently, there are about 6,000 languages spoken in the world, and many of them can be broadly divided into three categories, namely isolated, inflectional, and sticky. In a nutshell, an isolated language is a language that has no affixes and inflections. The relationship between words is also linked by other words.

However, both inflection and continuum have a large number of affixes and inflections, resulting in different tenses and persons. I'm afraid you all understand that Chinese must be an isolated language, because there is no change in Chinese affixes and parts of speech. Vietnamese is also an isolated language, but both Japanese and Korean are sticky languages, that is, in the basic principles of the language, these two languages are different from Chinese.

Here's a simple example to illustrate. For example, the basic form of the present tense of "食" in Japanese is "食 which means to eat, to eat, to invite someone to eat, to be invited to eat, to be invited to eat, etc., all of which are expressed by adding different affixes at the end of the word or in the middle and after the word, and sometimes it is necessary to do something with the prototype verb itself. These structures cannot be expressed in kanji in Japanese because they come from the linguistic component inherent in the Japanese language, which is not present in Chinese.

Korean Chinese is similar to it, so the similarity between Korean Chinese and Chinese is only reflected in Chinese loanwords, and the basic linguistic mechanism is not a system with Chinese. <>

However, Vietnamese and Chinese are relatively close in terms of linguistic structure, because there are no affixes and part-of-speech conjugations such as Japanese and Korean (Korean), and there are also a large number of Chinese loanwords in Vietnamese. Therefore, there is no doubt that the Vietnamese are closer to the Chinese than the Koreans and Japanese. However, this approach is only relative, and there are many differences between the Vietnamese and the Chinese.

One of the differences is that many nouns and verbs in Vietnamese have a "minor syllable" structure, i.e., an incomplete light syllable at the beginning of a word, followed by a full stressed syllable. In addition, the word order of Vietnamese is very different from that of Chinese. So it's grammatically very different from Chinese.

Therefore, in general, there are fundamental differences between Japanese and Korean Chinese (Korean) and Chinese in terms of the basic principles of language and the basic way in which semantics are formed, while Vietnamese has relatively minor differences. When there are about two-thirds of the Chinese loanwords in these three languages, the difference between Vietnamese and Chinese is relatively small.

Japanese is close to Shanghainese, Vietnamese is close to Guangxi Zhuang dialect, and Korean Chinese is Korean. In this comparison, the closest thing to Chinese should be Japanese.

If you want me to say, they have their own aspects that are similar to the Chinese language. The Japanese language is the most intuitive and consists of kanji and kana. However, its pronunciation and grammar are very different from Chinese, as the Japanese use kanji and kana to express their own language system.

Many words in Korean are Hanyin words, but Hangul is a phonetic script, similar to Hanyu Pinyin. In ancient times, Koreans also used Chinese characters to express their own language system, but now they have almost abolished Chinese characters. The Vietnamese invented their own mummy characters in ancient times, and later abolished Chinese characters and became a pinyin script composed of Latin letters and many tones, but the pronunciation of some Chinese words is quite close.

Many people don't know the difference between language and writing. The closest thing to Chinese is Han Chinese, which Chinese similar to Hokkien. It is Japan that is close in words.

Vietnamese is the closest to Han and Vietnamese, both are isolated languages, both are tonal languages, and Japanese and Korean are adhesive languages, non-tonal languages, language classification, there are also Vietnamese and Chinese into the same language family, although Japanese and Korean also borrow many Chinese words, Japan still retains Chinese characters, but this similarity is an acquired similarity after all, and the similarity between Vietnamese and Chinese is an innate similarity, and you can't stick it up and tie it with others just because Japan is developed