Problems with Chinese reading comprehension and problem solving skills in junior secondary school

A summary of the meaning of the paragraph.

1.Narrative essays: Be clear about who and what is doing (when, where).

Format: (Time + Place) + People + Things.

2.Expository articles: Clearly state what the object is and what its characteristics are.

Format: description (introduction) + description object + description content (characteristics).

3.Argumentative essays: Be clear about what the problem is and what the author's point of view is.

Format: What method of argumentation was used to prove (demonstrate) + argument.

Clarify the idea of the article.

In the final analysis, every paragraph and sentence of the article serves to clarify the center and the main purpose of the article. Usually you have to learn to mark the paragraph for the article, summarize the meaning of each paragraph, and summarize the central idea is often effective.

Find and understand the key words and phrases in the text. Especially those words and sentences that reflect the author's position and viewpoint, reflect the deep content of the article, have rich connotations, and are vivid. In particular, the opening sentence, the end sentence, the sentence that is composed of independent paragraphs, the figurative sentence, the connecting sentence, the transition sentence, and the lyrical argumentative sentence of the article are often implied in the main idea of the article.

The role of rhetorical devices.

1) its own role; (2) Combine the context of the sentence.

1. Metaphor and personification: vivid image;

Answer format: Write vividly + object + feature.

2. Ranking: momentum, strengthened tone, one go, etc.;

Answer format: emphasis on + object + features.

3;Questioning: Draw the reader's attention and thinking;

Answer format: Draw the reader's attention and thinking about + object + feature.

Rhetorical questions: emphasis, reinforcement of tone, etc.;

4. Contrast: The ...... is emphasized...... highlighted

5. Repetition: Emphasis on ......Strengthen the tone.

Have a sense of style in your heart.

Have a sense of style in your heart and find the finishing sentences. To find the passage of the keyword, word, or sentence required for reading comprehension, students are required to circle it emphatically when reading the textual material, and then focus on understanding and analyzing, in order to clarify the meaning of the topic and extract effective information directly from the text.

If the test question requires the original language in the text, we can directly answer it in the original language, and if it is not explicitly required to answer in the original language in the text, we can "extract information from the text" to ask the question, that is, dig out the hidden information and deep meaning in the text and then answer.

Common method of explanation: In order to explain the characteristics of things clearly, or to explain things clearly, it is necessary to use appropriate explanation methods. Commonly used methods of explanation are as follows:

1 Example: In order to illustrate the situation or reason of things, sometimes people do not understand it very well, so it is necessary to give some examples that are both easy to understand and representative. For example, (Chinese stone arch bridge) takes the ancient Zhaozhou Bridge and Lugou Bridge as representative examples, and explains the long history of China's construction of stone arch bridges and the outstanding achievements.

2. Categories: To explain the characteristics or facts of things, it is often not easy to explain clearly from one side, and according to the similarities and differences in shape, nature, cause, function, etc., things or things can be divided into several categories according to certain standards, and then explained one by one according to the categories. For example, the article "Marching to the Desert" divides the methods of desert attacks into two categories: "guerrilla warfare" and "positional warfare".

3 columns of data: Numbers are the most accurate, scientific, and convincing basis for quantitatively describing the characteristics or facts of things. For example, the article "The Dead Sea Does Not Die" uses a large number of figures to explain the reason why the Dead Sea is so buoyant, which is very clear.

4. Making comparisons: In order to make things or things easy to understand, sometimes we can start from people's existing perceptual knowledge and use familiar things or things in people's lives to make comparisons, so as to arouse the reader's imagination and obtain a deep impression. For example, the article "Human Language" compares the "language" of parrots and orangutans with the "language of humans" and concludes that "only humans have real language".

5 Definition: In order to highlight the main content or main problem of a thing or matter, it is often used to define things in concise language. For example, in the article "Overall Method", the definition of "overall method" is given at the beginning:

The overall approach is a mathematical method for arranging the process of next work". In this way, the overall planning method is distinguished from other mathematical methods.

6 Analogy: An analogy is a metaphor in rhetorical devices. The use of analogies in expository texts can make things that people don't understand or abstract things concrete, vivid, and vivid.

For example, in "Chinese Stone Arch Bridge", "the bridge hole of the stone arch bridge is arc-shaped, like a rainbow", so that readers can understand the characteristics of the stone arch bridge more vividly and clearly.

Summary: The characteristics of things are also often revealed in comparisons. The use of comparison as an illustration method can better highlight the characteristics of the object being illified, impress the reader, and enhance the effect of the explanation.

The examination questions usually read the text materials on the test paper, and the first time you need to read it quickly, you must first focus on understanding whether the genre of the essay is narrative or expository. When answering questions, do not rush to write answers without reading the text materials on the test paper in full. It is best to read through the article from beginning to end to get an overall knowledge and understanding of the article.

Secondly, it is necessary to preliminarily clarify the ideas of the article.

Summarize the gist of a paragraph.

1) To accurately summarize the meaning of the paragraph, we must first understand the meaning of each sentence in the paragraph, but also figure out the relationship between the sentences in the paragraph, and find out the main sentence that can reveal the meaning of the whole paragraph, that is, the so-called central sentence (the position of the central sentence is mostly at the beginning or end of the paragraph, and some are also in the paragraph). If there is no central sentence, you should grasp the central meaning of the whole paragraph and summarize it yourself.

2) Syntax extraction, i.e. finding the central sentence in the paragraph. For example, in the second natural paragraph of "My Teacher", you can extract the sentence "She never scolded us" to summarize the meaning of the paragraph.

3) The summary method, which summarizes the main meaning of the whole paragraph in your own words. For example, the second part of "Hometown" is very rich in content, and there are many characters and events described, which can be summarized in my own words: what "I" saw, heard, and felt when I returned to my hometown.

The first thing to do is to understand the meaning of the whole sentence accurately.

A word can only have its exact meaning in a specific language environment, and only according to the specific language environment can the meaning of the word be understood accurately and thoroughly. The basic principle of the understanding of the meaning of words and words is that "words do not depart from words, and words do not depart from sentences".

Rhetorical methods and functions.

What rhetoric + how to write + what was written + what feelings were expressed.

1) Metaphor: Describe things vividly, concisely and concisely, and explain the truth.

2) Anthropomorphism: Give things human character, thoughts, feelings and actions, personify things, so as to achieve the effect of vivid images.

3) Exaggeration: Highlight the features, reveal the essence, and give the reader a distinct and strong impression.

4) Ranking: clear organization, distinct rhythm, enhance the momentum, and be longer than lyricism.

5) Duality: the form is neat, the rhyme is harmonious, and it complements each other and complements each other.

6) Repetition: emphasizing a certain meaning, strong lyrical, and infectious.

7) Questioning: self-questioning and self-answering, attracting attention and inspiring thinking.

8) Rhetorical question: The attitude is clear, the tone is strengthened, and the lyricism is strong.

<> 1. Holistic perception and fast reading skills.

2) Identify the style (narrative, discussion, expository, prose) and analyze the key meanings.

3) Read the beginning and end carefully, and figure out the theme idea: The beginning and end often find the center of the author's expression.

2. Answer**.

b Refine and screen the main ones and eliminate the minor ones. That is, first use your own words or sentences in the material to summarize and summarize, and then merge and condense them, leaving key sentences.

1. Pay attention to the examination of the question, and the intention of the questioner will be based on the requirements of the question to prevent the answer from being asked.

2. Identify the style of writing and answer according to the knowledge of the style; The answers should be organized and written.

3. When encountering open-ended or talking about views and feelings, it must be combined with the central intention (central thesis) of the article to diverge, and the key sentences in the text can be appropriately excerpted, and try to combine the actual feelings, quoted relevant famous sayings and aphorisms or American essays to concisely summarize.

4. Memorandum of stylistic knowledge.

2. We should respect the original text and do not go beyond the scope of the original text.

In the reading comprehension of the high school entrance examination, try to use the meaning of the original text, and do not go beyond the original text casually, otherwise deviations are likely to occur. For example, if the original text only introduces one thing, although there are some compliments in it, don't easily write the meaning of "admiration", usually this kind of answer does not meet the requirements.

3. Pay attention to the emotional and logical changes in the context.

Any article, even if it is an expository essay, often has an emotional component, if you can experience and grasp the author's emotional changes while reading the article, then when reading comprehension, the feeling will be very three-dimensional.

4. Give full play to your image thinking ability.

In fact, visual thinking is essential for the study of all subjects. It is recommended that when doing reading comprehension, imagine yourself as a director, treat the article as a script, outline it in your mind, and let the plot reappear, so that the grasp of the text will be a whole realm.

5. Pay attention to the location and relationship of the context.

Usually general questions, such as the main idea of the article, are in the first or last paragraph; The position of a piece of text in a paragraph often corresponds to the role one-to-one; A sentence that is composed of separate paragraphs must express an element that the writer wants to emphasize, etc.