Why did Li Shutong, the author of Farewell , become a monk

Let's talk about this slowly.

There are several levels of people from basic material needs to spiritual needs, basic food and clothing needs, safety needs, respect, care and belonging, self-breakthrough and challenge.

Master Hongyi was born in a solid and intelligent family than us ordinary people, which is higher than our starting point, and he repeatedly broke through himself at the highest level, and finally saw through and chose to be born, unlike us ordinary people who are escaping from becoming a monk. To give a negative example, Leslie Cheung committed suicide because he didn't know how to break through after his life reached its peak, and he couldn't think of depression and jumped off the building for a while. Therefore, Buddhism often says that everything is empty, but this emptiness is not something that can be said casually, and it is not possible to go through the process of Dharma verification.

"Farewell" Li Shutong, "Outside the long pavilion, by the ancient road, the grass is green."

Sky; The evening breeze blows the willow flute, and the sunset is outside the mountain; The end of the sky, the corner of the earth, the acquaintances are half scattered, a scoop of turbid wine is full of joy, don't dream cold tonight. "This is the original work of bidding farewell to my best friend Xu Huanyuan. Expressing Li Shutong's feelings for the separation of friends in Shanghai's "Five Friends of the World" and "Jinlan Friends", Li Shutong and Xu Huanyuan advocated the idea of civil rights, advocated changing customs, and publicized the autonomy of men and women in marriage.

Once became a part of the reform tide on the cusp of society, the failure of the second revolution, Yuan Shikai became the emperor, and these endless social changes led to the loss of Xu Huanyuan's millions of assets and family business.

The full text of Li Shutong's "Farewell" is as follows:

Outside the long pavilion, by the ancient road, the grass is green.

The evening breeze blows the willow flute, and the sunset is outside the mountain;

The end of the sky, the corner of the earth, half of the acquaintances.

Life is rare to get together, only parting more.

Outside the long pavilion, by the ancient road, the grass is green.

Ask you when you will go, and don't linger when you come.

The end of the sky, the corner of the earth, half of the acquaintances.

A pot of turbidity sprinkled with all the joy, don't dream cold tonight.

The meaning of the poem "Farewell" is: with a short lyrics, the images of the ancients to send off are concentrated, with a kind of "integration" impact, strongly shocking the "collective unconscious" of Chinese parting, becoming a cultural psychological symbol of Chinese parting friends.

In ancient times, farewell poems were generally written to bid farewell to a certain friend, and they were indeed people. But what is intriguing is that according to the information available so far, it is not clear which friend Li Shutong's "Farewell" is written to. In my opinion, "Farewell" is not written for any friend, but rather a symbolic farewell poem that does not know what to do.

"Farewell" is divided into three paragraphs, the first paragraph is "writing the scene", written outside the long pavilion, by the ancient road to see off the picture; the second paragraph is lyrical, expressing the sadness of the soul of knowing and leaving the world scattered; The third paragraph is a repetition of the first paragraph from the text, but in fact, it is the repetition of the text and the sublimation of the meaning: after experiencing the "farewell to friends", I realized that life is short, like a sunset, full of chill to the bone.

The whole lyrics are filled with a strong sense of emptiness in life, and there is a hint of epiphany.

"Farewell" is actually Li Shutong's reason for saying goodbye to his friends, using the symbol of ignorance to convey the consciousness of understanding life and seeing through the red dust. Therefore, "Farewell" is not just a song of waving between friends; It is the "prelude" of Li Shutong who is about to say goodbye to the world and abandon the world and become a monk. The above is for reference.

In the nineteenth century, the American ** J.P. Oldway (John Pond Ordway) wrote a song "Dreaming of Home and Mother" (Dreaming of Home and Mother) (Dreaming of Home and Mother) (this song spread to Japan), and the Japanese ** domestic dog Tong Qiuxi filled in the tune of the original song (may have been slightly changed) to fill in the new words in Japanese to make the Japanese song "Travel Sorrow". After the publication of "Travel" in 1904, it was widely circulated in Japan. From 1905 to 1910, Li Shutong studied in Japan, so he came into contact with "Travel Sorrow", he was moved by the beautiful melody of this song, and had creative inspiration, and then in 1915, when he was teaching at Zhejiang Provincial First Normal School, he used J. P. O'Deway's music to add Chinese lyrics to compose the song "Farewell", which has been sung in China to this day.

"Farewell" uses the tune composed by J.P. O'Deway, but Li Shutong himself made a few changes to the tune when composing the lyrics, so the tune of "Farewell" and "Dreaming of Home and Mother" are not exactly the same. In terms of lyrics, "Dreaming of Home and Mother", "Travel Sorrow" and "Farewell" are the personal creations of the three artists, which are three independent works with no direct connection with each other; Of course, due to the consistent basis of the tune, there may be some similarities in artistic charm and expression of feelings. The lyrics of "Farewell" are similar to the long and short sentences in Chinese poetry, with the elegance of classical poetry[3], but the meaning is plain and easy to understand; The entire Chinese lyrics and tune are perfectly combined, and it is almost impossible to find that it is a song that rewrites the lyrics after composing the music.

In the winter of 1914, heavy snow fell, and old Shanghai was a bleak scene. Xu Huanyuan decided to take his wife and children to Beijing to engage in politics, and when he left, Li Shutong wrote this poem "Farewell" to him to express his reluctance to part.

Farewell", the tune is taken from the American song "Dreaming of Home and Mother" composed by John P. Ordway. "Dreaming of Home and Mother" is an "entertainer's song", which became popular in the United States in the late 19th century, and is led by a white actor with a black face playing a black man, and is also modeled after the style of black songs.

Uncle Li's handwriting with "Farewell" does not seem to have survived. The original published version of "Farewell" appeared in the "Fifty Songs of Chinese Famous Songs" co-edited by Qiu Mengchen and Feng Zikai. This book includes thirteen songs written by Li Shutong with lyrics, music or lyrics.

Published by Kaiming Bookstore in August 1927. Some people say that this book was published in 1921 and that it is wrong. The lyrics of this book are not in standard typographic, but in handwriting. The person who wrote it was the editor Feng Zikai.

Outside the long pavilion, by the ancient road, the grass is green. The evening breeze blows the willow flute, and the sunset is outside the dry base mountain. The end of the sky, the corner of the earth, half of the acquaintances.

A pot of turbid wine is full of joy, and I don't want to dream of the cold today. Outside the long pavilion, by the ancient road, the grass is green. Ask you when you will come, and don't linger when you come.

The end of the sky, the corner of the earth, half of the acquaintances. Life is rare for reunions, but there are many separations. Not concise.

Farewell. Words: Li Shutong.

Outside the long pavilion, by the ancient road, the grass is green. The evening breeze blows the willow flute, and the sunset is outside the mountain;

The end of the sky, the corner of the earth, half of the acquaintances. A pot of turbid wine is full of joy, don't dream cold tonight.

Outside the long pavilion, by the ancient road, the grass is green. Ask you when you will go, and don't linger when you come.

The end of the sky, the corner of the earth, half of the acquaintances. Life is rare for reunions, but there are many separations.

Brief comment on the poem: Outside the long pavilion, by the ancient road, the grass is green; The evening breeze blows the willow flute, and the sunset is outside the mountain; The end of the sky, the corner of the earth, the acquaintances are half scattered, a scoop of turbid wine is full of joy, don't dream cold tonight. ”

Farewell", its lyricist is Li Shutong, and it is also the original work of Farewell to his best friend Xu Huanyuan. Expressing Li Shutong's feelings for the separation of friends from the "Five Friends of the World" and "Jinlan Friends" in Shanghai, Li Shutong and Xu Huanyuan preached civil rights.

ideology, advocating the change of customs and customs, and publicizing the autonomy of men and women in marriage.

Author: Li Shutong, also known as Li Xishuang, Li An, Li Liang, spectrum name Wen Tao, young name Cheng Qi, scientific name Guanghou, word Xishuang, alias gargle. Li Shutong is a famous ** artist, art educator, calligrapher, drama activist, and one of the pioneers of Chinese drama.

After he returned from studying in Japan, he served as a teacher and a monk, and then became a monk, with the legal name Yanyin, the name Hongyi, the late name Wanqing Old Man, and was later respected as Master Hongyi.

Extended Information: Li Shutong's Literary Works:

When he was young, he attracted the attention of the literary world with his talent. When he lived in Shanghai, he recorded his previous poems as the "First Collection of Poetry Clocks", which was passed on to the members of the "Chengnan Literary Society".

read, and later collected "Li Lu Poetry Bell". On the eve of his ordination, he compiled more than 20 poems from the 26th to 33rd years of the Qing Dynasty (1900-1907).

Among them, there are many commendable masterpieces such as "Leaving the Motherland and Presenting the Sons of Classmates" and "Mourning the Death of the Nation", which show the author's fate for the country.

and deep concern for people's livelihood and suffering.

In the five or six years before he became a monk, he still had more than 30 lyrics. These works, through artistic techniques, express the thoughts and emotions that most of people will have in the same situation, and they have been all the rage, and some have become enduring masterpieces.