What medicines contain calcium channel blockers and what are the non dihydropyridine calcium channel

Hello, we have read your question, and hope you are not misled by the name of calcium ion antagonists, calcium ion antagonists have nothing to do with traditional calcium supplementation. Calcium ions are drugs that inhibit the influx of extracellular calcium ions by blocking the calcium ion channels on the cell membrane of myocardium and vascular smooth muscle, reducing the level of intracellular calcium ions and causing changes in the function of cardiovascular and other tissues and organs. Commonly used in clinical practice are nifepyridine, isopulsion, thiazolone, etc.

The effect on the heart is mainly to inhibit the influx of calcium ions in the second phase in the process of myocardial depolarization, reduce intracellular calcium, weaken myocardial contractility, reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, and inhibit the calcium influx of sinus node and atrioventricular node, so that the automaticity of the sinus node decreases, the atrioventricular conduction slows down, and the ventricular rate decreases, such as isopulsadine and thiazodone. In the blood vessels, the arterial smooth muscle is mainly dilated, reducing peripheral resistance, and the venous smooth muscle is not affected, such as nifepyridine. Such drugs are mainly used in clinical applications for hypertension, coronary heart disease and arrhythmia.

Calcium ion antagonists are a very important class of drugs in hypertension, and more than half of the hypertension patients in China who take the drug should use calcium ion antagonists. Calcium supplements are not contradictory to calcium ion antagonists. In fact, although the two drugs have opposite effects, when used together, their effects not only do not cancel each other, but can promote each other.

Therefore, it can be seen that taking calcium channel blockers does not cause calcium deficiency.

Dihydropyridines: nifedipine, chloramidipine, nixodipine.

Aryl alkyl amines: verapamil.

Benzothiazem: diltiazem.

Other: Flunarizine Cinnarizine.

General anti-stress drugs, muscle relaxant drugs are available!

1. Benthiazepines.

Diltiazem, etc.

2. Phenylalkanamines.

Verapamil et al.

3. Tribenzoprazine.

Flunarizine, cinnarizine, lidofluzine, etc.

The effect on the heart is mainly to inhibit the influx of calcium ions in the second phase in the process of myocardial depolarization, reduce intracellular calcium, weaken myocardial contractility, reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, and inhibit the calcium influx of sinus node and atrioventricular node, so that the automaticity of the sinus node decreases, atrioventricular conduction slows down, and the ventricular rate decreases, such as isopacadine and azazolone.

Answer] Among the names, dosages and usages of commonly used antihypertensive drugs in :d hypertension, the receptor blockers include metoprolol and atenolol; The occult fluid belongs to the blockers of calcium foci and the passage of calcium, such as diltia and nifelamine; Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors include captopril, enalapril, etc.

Answer]: A This question examines the pharmacological action and mechanism of action of the calcium channel blocker Minyou. (1) Effect on smooth muscle:

Vascular smooth muscle, the sarcoplasmic network of vascular smooth muscle is poorly developed, and the Ca2+ required for vasoconstriction mainly comes from extracellular, so vascular smooth muscle is sensitive to the effect of calcium channel blockers. This class of drugs can significantly relax blood vessels, mainly dilating the wide Namo artery, and has little effect on the veins, so it can be used to lower blood pressure. Other smooth muscles, calcium channel blockers have a more obvious relaxation effect on bronchial smooth muscle, and larger doses can also relax gastrointestinal and slow tracts, ureters and uterine smooth muscles.

2) Anti-atherosclerotic effect: Ca2+ is involved in the pathological processes of atherosclerosis, such as smooth muscle hyperplasia, lipid precipitation and fibrosis, and calcium channel blockers can interfere with the occurrence and development of these processes. For angina**.

3) Effect on the structure and function of red blood cells and platelets: it can reduce the damage of Ca2+ overload to red blood cells and inhibit platelet activation. (4) Effect on kidney function, which has a protective effect on the kidneys.

Therefore, the correct answer is a.

Calcium channel blocking drugs do not need to be touched in **().

a.Hypertension.

b.Angina pectoris.

c.Arrhythmia.

d.Pulmonary edema.

e.Cerebrovascular ischemic disease.

Correct answer: d

Answer]: Pharmacological effects: (1) Effect on myocardium:

negative inotropic effects; Negative frequency and negative conduction: protective effect on ischemic myocardium; Delays and reverses the development of myocardial hypertrophy. (2) Effect on smooth muscle:

Vascular smooth muscle. markedly dilated arteries, especially coronary arteries; dilation of cerebrovascular vessels; Dilates peripheral blood vessels. Other smooth muscles.

**The amount can significantly relax bronchial smooth muscle, and larger doses can also relax gastrointestinal, ureteral and uterine smooth muscle. (3) Anti-atherosclerotic effect. (4) Effect on the structure and function of red blood cells and platelets

The effect on red talk cells increases the stability of red blood cell membranes; Inhibition of platelet activation inhibits platelet aggregation. (5) Effect on kidney function: sodium excretion is diuretic; While lowering blood pressure, it can significantly increase blood flow to the kidneys.

Clinical Applications: (1) Diseases of the heart and blood system: hypertension, including mild, moderate, and severe hypertension and hypertensive crisis; angina, including stable angina, unstable angina, variant angina; arrhythmias, mainly used for supraventricular arrhythmias; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Chronic cardiac insufficiency.

2) Cerebrovascular diseases: including transient cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral embolism, cerebral vasospasm, etc. (3) Others:

Topical vasospasmodic diseases, bronchial asthma, gastrointestinal spasmodic colic, preterm birth, dysmenorrhea, atherosclerosis, esophageal achalasia, migraine, etc.

Answer]: a, b

1) This question examines the knowledge of pharmacology-antiarrhythmic drugs-calcium channel blockers. (2) Classification of calcium channel blockers: drugs that selectively act on L-type calcium channels are divided into 3 subclasses according to their chemical structure characteristics

Dihydropyridines: nifedipine (hence a pair), nicardipine, nilodipine, nilodipine, nimodipine. Benzothiazides:

Dilthiole, clonic sulfur, dichlorofuride, etc. Phenylalkanamines: verapamil (hence b pair), galopamil, thiopamil, etc.

The non-selective calcium channel modulation and matching friend saving drugs mainly include pliramine, benzylprodil, carlovirine and flucinazine. Propranolol is an adrenal receptor antagonist (hence the C error). Propa-duke-kemper is a significant sodium channel blocker (hence D error).

Lidocaine is a mild sodium channel blocker (hence the e-error). Therefore, D is selected for this question.

The pharmacological effects of calcium channel blockers include Huaichai stool ().

a.Anti-atherosclerosis.

b.Relaxes vascular smooth muscle.

c.It has negative muscle strength, negative frequency lead brigade and negative conduction effect on myocardium.

d.Inhibits platelet activation.

e.Increasing omenity stockings plus renal blood flow.

Correct Answer: Anti-atherosclerosis; Relaxes vascular smooth muscle. Negative muscle force, negative frequency, and negative conduction effect on myocardium; Inhibits platelet activation. Increases blood flow to the kidneys.