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Anonymous users2024-02-15NaOH was first hydrolyzed and eliminated by halogenated hydrocarbons in organics, and halogens have a 1:1 relationship with NaOH.
What can really react with NaOH should be phenol, carboxylic acid, phenol and acid are acidic, can ionize H+ ions, can neutralize with NaOH, and is also a 1:1 reaction, a few phenolic hydroxyl groups, will consume a few mo, carboxyl group as above.
Esters can also react with NaOH, but it is alkaline hydrolysis, several ester groups will consume a few mo, and the hydrolysis will generate carboxylates, which should be paid special attention to, if the hydrolysate is alcohol, it will not react again, if it is a phenol, then the phenol will consume NaOH again, the proportion is the same as above, easy to mistake and the longest test is this position, the ester formed by phenol and carboxylic acid is hydrolyzed under the action of Naoh.
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Anonymous users2024-02-14Carboxylic acids are one-to-one, unconditionally limited. Lipid group: NaOH one to two, heated. There are other acidic groups, which are not very tested, so you can leave them alone.
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Anonymous users2024-02-13I'm ashamed to forget about it after I graduated
But you definitely have it in your books, there are definitely some in the practice books, look for more books, and check it when you encounter it, and then record it, as the amount of questions increases, the exam is the record in your hand. And I'm impressed by such a record, + oil
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Anonymous users2024-02-121. Substitution: Halogenated hydrocarbons can be substituted to generate alcohol and sodium salts when heated in NaOH aqueous solution, and 1mol of halogen can react with 1mol of NaOH.
2. Elimination: Halogenated hydrocarbons can be heated in NaOH alcohol solution to react with them to generate unsaturated hydrocarbons, sodium salts and water, and the relative amount is the same as above.
3. Neutralization: Phenolic hydroxyl group can be neutralized with NaOH aqueous solution to generate sodium phenol and water, and 1mol phenolic hydroxyl group can react with 1mol NaOH.
The answer to the question is to pay attention to the functional group, for example, as long as there is a hydroxyl group on the benzene ring, it can react; However, if the halogenated hydrocarbon bit does not have h, it cannot be eliminated; If there are two or more halogens on a carbon atom, it will be connected to multiple hydroxyl groups when it is replaced, which is unstable and will automatically dehydrate to form other substances.
Hope it helps.
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Anonymous users2024-02-111. Substitution reaction with japin halogenated hydrocarbons to generate alcohol R-X + Naoh R-OH + NaX (NaOH aqueous solution).
2. Elimination reaction with halogenated hydrocarbons.
Aldehydes or ketones are generated
3. Substitution reaction with phenol and acid.
4. Esters undergo limb and saponification reactions.
Alkaline hydrolysis, irreversible).
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Anonymous users2024-02-101.Hydrolysis of halogenated hydrocarbons, (NaOH dissolved macroplex Shen code solution).
2.Elimination of halogenated hydrocarbons (NaOH alcohol solution).
3.Hydrolysis of esters.
4.Hydrolysis of oils.
Saponification) 5With carboxylic acid shielding filial piety cherry, neutralization reaction.
6.with phenol.
7.with the carboxyl group of amino acids.
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Anonymous users2024-02-091. It is difficult for hydrocarbons to react with NaOH.
2. Halogenated hydrocarbons can react with NaOH to hydrolyze to produce alcohols and sodium halides.
Such as: CH3BR + NAOH--- NABR + CH3OH
Halogenated hydrocarbons can react with NaOH and eliminate the reaction in alcohols to form olefins and sodium halides and water.
For example: CH3CH2BR +NaOH--alcohol-->NaBR + CH2=CH2 + H2O
3. Phenol can react with NaOH to form water and sodium phenol.
Such as C6H5-OH + NaOH --- H2O + C6H5-ONA
4. Carboxylic acids can react with NaOH to form water and sodium carboxylate.
Such as CH3COOH + NAOH--- H2O + CH3COONA
5. Carboxylates (including oils) can react with NaOH to form alcohols and sodium carboxylates.
Such as ch3cooc2h5 + naoh--- c2h5oh + ch3coona
6. Amino acids can react with NaOH to form water and sodium amino acids.
Such as NH2-CH2COOH + NAOH---H2O +NH2- CH2-COONA
The above is the middle school range.
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Anonymous users2024-02-08Ethanol mixed with sodium hydroxide is super alkaline, which can be made into lye, which is very effective for cleaning bottles.
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Anonymous users2024-02-071. Substitution reaction with halogenated hydrocarbons to generate alcohol R-X + NaOH R-OH + NaX (NaOH aqueous solution).
2. Elimination reaction with halogenated hydrocarbons to form aldehydes or ketones (NaOH alcohol solution coheating) 3. Substitution reaction with phenols and acids.
4. Ester sensitization saponification reaction leakage (alkaline hydrolysis, irreversible) bridge.
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Anonymous users2024-02-061mol of complex organic matter consumes NaOH
After ester hydrolysis, some form carboxylic acids and alcohols.
1 mol of carboxyl consumes 1 mol of NaOH
Some produce carboxylic acids and phenols.
then the carboxylphenol hydroxyl group all consumes NaOH
Halogenated hydrocarbons consume 1mol of halogen atoms to consume 1mol of NaOH
1 mol of phenolic hydroxyl consumes 1 mol of NaOH
Bonus double bond. Benzene ring (if added with Cl2 all becomes a single bond).
Aldehyde groups and carboxyl groups are generally not added.
Substituted benzene ring (under Fe catalysis and BR2 substitution).
Hydrogen and halogens in alkanes are easily substituted.
Halogenated hydrocarbons and NaOH are substituted with NaOH to form alcoholic hydroxyl groups and inorganic halides (such as KCL) to form organic halides.
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Anonymous users2024-02-05Then the product is reacted with sodium hydroxide, so it can be reacted with three parts of sodium hydroxide, if you need to supplement, please send a message, aldehyde group can be added.
2. The hydrogen atom on the hydrocarbon can be replaced by the halogen atom, and the alcohol hydroxyl group can be substituted with the hydrogen halide to obtain halogenated hydrocarbons under certain conditions.
3. Hydrolysis into HCl + CH3COOH + C6H5OH first, replacing benzene ring, double bond, unless the title is specified. Esterification of carboxyl groups and hydrolysis of esters are also substitution reactions, triple bonds. Such as clch2cooc6h51, naoh
The hydrolyzable group can be hydrolyzed first (NaOH does not participate in the reaction) and added to the benzene ring, but the hydrogen on the double-bonded carbon or triple-bonded carbon cannot be replaced.
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