Which anticoagulant has an inhibitory effect on the PCR reaction

Heparin. It is found in tissues such as lungs, blood vessel walls, and intestinal mucosa, and is a natural anticoagulant substance in animals. Occurs naturally in mast cells and is now mainly extracted from bovine lungs or porcine small intestinal mucosa.

As an anticoagulant, it is a polymer formed by alternating two polysaccharides, which have anticoagulant effects in vitro and in vivo.

Heparin was first discovered in the liver and got its name, which is composed of glucosamine, L-iduronidin, N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid alternately, with an average molecular weight of 15 kD, which is strongly acidic.

After mixing with blood, it can quickly combine with calcium ions in the blood to form insoluble calcium oxalate, so that the blood does not coagulate.

Answer]: Heparin can enhance the antithrombin inactivation of serine protease, prevent the formation of thrombin and prevent platelet coagulation, etc., and is an ideal anticoagulant for red blood cell osmotic fragility test. Sodium citrate is suitable for erythrocyte sedimentation rate and coagulation test, and is a component of blood transfusion to preserve delayed nutrient fluid.

EDTA salts are commonly used and positive sodium and potassium salts are not suitable for coagulation tests and platelet function tests. Oxalate is also not suitable for coagulation tests, and high oxalate concentrations can also cause hemolysis and change in blood pH.

Answer]: a, b, c, d, e

Direct coagulation factor A inhibitors have the following advantages: (1) they act directly, highly selectively, and competitively bind to the active site of factor A, and reversibly inhibit free and bound factor A and prothrombin activity. (2) It has a strong anticoagulant effect, but also does not affect the normal physiological hemostasis and focus function of thrombin that has been formed, and retains enough thrombin activity to stimulate and play up platelets; At the same time, it avoids the interference with multiple physiological processes in the body (procoagulation, inflammation, cell proliferation) due to the inhibition of coagulation factor A, and promotes the anticoagulant effect from multiple targets to single targets, thus surpassing direct thrombin inhibitors.

3) It plays an important role in the inhibition of thrombin formation and activation of coagulation waterfalls, and inhibition of coagulation factors upstream of coagulation waterfalls will produce stronger anticoagulant effects. (4) **Window width, no need to monitor INR. (5) The dependence on the kidney is less than that of the thrombin inhibitor dabi**ester, and the adverse reactions and bleeding rate of the gastrointestinal tract are less in patients with renal insufficiency.

6) The plasma half-life is long, only 1 2 times a day.

Answer] :d terazosin was added to diuretics and certain chiropractic B-adrenergic blockers in controlled trials with no unexpected interactions. Terazosin has been administered in combination with the following classes of drugs:

Analgesic anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, anticholinergic sympathomimetic drugs, anti-gout drugs, cardiovascular drugs, corticosteroid drugs, gastrointestinal drugs, hypoglycemic drugs, sedatives, and tranquilizers. When administered simultaneously with terrazosin and verapamil in combination with other drugs in the mu, the mean AUC0-24 of terrazosin increased by 11% at the first administration of verapamil and by 24% after 3 weeks with verapamil**, and the mean tmax of terrazosin decreased from hours to hours at this time. No significant effect on verapamil was found.

When terazosin is combined with captopril to reach steady state, the maximum plasma concentration of terazosin increases linearly with dose. Loop diuretics can induce arrhythmias in cardiac glycosides and prolonged action potential time.

Answer]: C heparin is a mucopolysaccharide containing the sulfate group of Yamazaojing, with a strong negative charge, which has the effect of strengthening antithrombin inactivation of serine protease, thereby preventing the formation of thrombin fibers, and has a variety of anticoagulant effects such as preventing platelet aggregation.

Answer]: The structure of coumarin drugs is similar to that of vitamin K, which can competitively inhibit vitamin K epoxide reductase, prevent it from being reduced to quinone-type paratovitamin K, and hinder the liver from synthesizing prothrombin (factor transport nucleus) and coagulation factors, so item A is selected for early rise.

Answer]: Heparin strengthens the role of antithrombin (AT-) inactivating serine protein early sourase enzyme, prevents the formation of coagulation lure enzyme, and leaks plum to prevent platelet aggregation, thereby preventing blood clotting. It is an ideal anticoagulant for blood gas analysis and erythrocyte permeability fragility testing.