When was pumpkin introduced to China, and when was pumpkin first introduced to China

Ming dynasty.

Pumpkins are native to Mexico to Central America and are commonly cultivated around the world. It was introduced to China in the Ming Dynasty and is now widely cultivated in the north and south.

Pumpkin, a species of the genus Pumpkin in the Cucurbitaceae family, is an annual creeping herbaceous plant, the stem is often rooted, the petiole is stout, the leaves are broadly ovate or oval, the quality is slightly soft, the leaf veins are raised, the tendrils are slightly thick, monoecious, the fruit peduncle is stout, there are ridges and grooves, it varies from variety to variety, there are often several longitudinal grooves or none outside, the seeds are numerous, oblong or oblong.

The fruit of the pumpkin can be used as a substitute for food. The whole plant is also used for medicinal purposes, the seeds contain pumpkin seed amino acids, which have the effect of clearing heat and dehumidification, repelling insects, controlling and killing schistosomiasis, vine has the effect of clearing heat, Guati has the effect of stabilizing the fetus, ** toothache.

Yuanren Jia Ming's "Dietary Instructions".

It is a work of posterity, which is mainly based on the content of pumpkins in the "Compendium of Materia Medica, and at the same time, the so-called pumpkin information such as cucumber and gourd is suspicious and misunderstood, and the information that there have been pumpkins in ancient books in China before the discovery of the New World is unreliable, and pumpkins in China should be alien species. Li Shizhen.

The saying "pumpkin is planted in the south and transferred to Fujian and Zhejiang" is not the transmission process of the guide melon after entering the mainland of China, but Portugal.

The colonists from Guangdong to Fujian and Zhejiang coast to seek, pumpkin was transmitted by this group of people, and the time should be in Ming Zhengde.

More than 20 years since the end of the year. The relevant literature information of the Ming people fully shows that the distribution center of pumpkins in the Ming Dynasty was not in the three provinces of Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang in South China and the southeast coast, but in the five provinces of Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Hebei and Jin between the south and north of the Ming Dynasty. Looking at the specific process of Sino-Portuguese diplomatic and commercial relations at that time and the actual situation of the rapid spread and development of pumpkins in China, pumpkins are more likely to be Ming Zhengde.

Ten. In the fifth and sixth years, that is, from 1520 to 1521 A.D., the Portuguese envoys brought them to the south and north respectively, thus forming a distribution pattern with the two capitals as the center and the north slightly better than the south. Pumpkin, pumpkin.

It belongs to different varieties of pumpkin, which appeared at the same time at the beginning, which should be related to the distribution pattern centered on the two capitals, reflecting the different sources of varieties in the north and south.

Pumpkin is one of the oldest crops in the world, and academics generally believe that the origin of pumpkin is the Americas. Whitaker, a cucurbitaceae expert at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, has found that the earliest pumpkins had been cultivated as early as 3,000 B.C., in the Oeampo Cave in the mountainous region of northeastern Mexico, and at the site of Huaca Prieta, Peru.

The earliest record of pumpkin in China can be traced back to Jia Ming's "Dietary Instructions" in the Yuan Dynasty, which reads:

Pumpkin, sweet in taste, warm in nature, and jaundice with beriberi when eating more. It is eaten with mutton, which is infuriating. Do not eat with pork liver, red beans, and soba noodles. ”

This is the first time that the word pumpkin has been explicitly mentioned in a history book, and many readers believe that China has a history of cultivating pumpkins as early as the Yuan Dynasty. However, such an understanding is incorrect. According to Jia Ming's life, "Food and Drink" should have been written around the 14th century, when the American continent was still in a blank area on the world map.

In other words, Columbus only discovered the New World in 1492, a hundred years after Jia Ming's book, so how did pumpkins come to China? You know, pumpkins began to spread around the world after Columbus discovered the Americas, and with the advent of colonial expansion, pumpkins began to flow rapidly from the Americas to Europe and Asia.

Pumpkin originated in southern Asia, mainly distributed in China, India and Japan, and is very rare in Europe and the United States, so there is "Chinese pumpkin."

The name. Later, according to the archaeological data and the distribution of variety resources, it was confirmed that pumpkin originated in Central and South America. Pumpkin has a long history of cultivation in Mesoamerica, as early as 8500 BC, the American sparrow pumpkin accompanied humans, and humans cultivated it in 4050 BC.

In the Ocampo Caves in Mexico and in Juasha, Peru. Excavations at the Pupanta site have revealed that the earliest fragments of Chinese pumpkins and Mexican pumpkins date back to 5000 to 3000 BC.

There are many ways for pumpkins to be introduced into China, but Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang are the earliest. The Chinese initially mistakenly thought that the pumpkin came from Japan, so it was called "Gourd", because Japan is in the east of China, so it is also called "Tungkin", and there is a further misunderstanding that it is produced on the Korean Peninsula, and the name is "Goryeo".

melon", and the Japanese thought that the pumpkin came from China, so they called it "Tang eggplant" (at that time, the Japanese generally referred to Chinese products as Tang Wu). By the mid-to-late Qing Dynasty, the Chinese Southern Oak Hengfang pumpkin along the Grand Canal.

Transplanting to the north, especially in Shandong, has become an important town for pumpkin cultivation in the north, and people began to realize that this melon should be from the south, and the name of "pumpkin" became popular.

Pumpkin (pumpkin) is an annual vine herbaceous plant with white spots on its leaves and pentagonal fruit stalks. Pumpkins originated in Central and South America. Pumpkin has a long history of cultivation in Central America, and China began cultivating it 600 years ago.

It is now cultivated all over the world, with Asia having the largest cultivated area, followed by Europe and South America. According to the shape of the fruit, it is divided into two varieties: round pumpkin and long pumpkin.

Pumpkin has a more complete nutritional content and higher nutritional value. The content of vitamin C and glucose in young pumpkin is richer than that of old pumpkin. Old pumpkin is higher in calcium, iron, and carotene.

These are beneficial for the prevention and treatment of asthma. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that pumpkin has a sweet taste, warm nature, has the function of tonifying and invigorating qi, eliminating phlegm and relieving cough, and can treat qi deficiency and weakness, intercostal neuralgia, malaria, dysentery and other diseases.

It can also repel roundworms and treat scalds. Its seeds, pumpkin seeds, can also be eaten or pressed for oil. Pumpkin and pumpkin seeds have certain medicinal properties.

The medicine of the motherland believes that pumpkin is warm and sweet, and enters the spleen and stomach meridians. It has the functions of replenishing skin and invigorating qi, reducing inflammation and relieving pain, detoxifying and killing insects. It can be used for qi deficiency and fatigue, intercostal neuralgia, malaria, dysentery, anti-opiate poisoning, roundworm repellent, bronchial asthma, diabetes and other diseases.

The Compendium of Materia Medica says that it can "replenish the middle and benefit the qi". The "Notes on Medical Forest" records that it can "benefit the heart and lungs".

Pumpkins can be allergic. Pumpkin is warm, and those with a hot stomach eat less; Pumpkin is partial to stagnation, and those who are full of qi stagnation should eat with caution. Hair should not be consumed during the period of taking Chinese medicine.

Pumpkins are not considered hair. Pumpkin contains protein, starch, carotene, vitamin B, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus and other ingredients, known as "natural medicine", with high nutritional value and therapeutic health care effects.

Be. According to the nature of the food, Chinese medicine divides all kinds of foods that are not suitable for patients to eat into five categories: Spicy food Onions, ginger, garlic, chili peppers, etc., have a spicy and hot taste, and eat less to strengthen the spleen, which is suitable for the elderly with spleen and stomach deficiency, or patients suffering from chronic diarrhea due to spleen deficiency.

Patients with stomach fever syndrome or high blood pressure such as liver and kidney yin deficiency and liver yang hyperactivity, and all kinds of bleeding, cough, eye diseases, sores and ulcers should not eat such foods. Greasy foods This kind of food has a thick and greasy taste and is not easy to digest, so when you are taking anti-surface cold medicine in the early stage of external cold, you should fast. The elderly should not eat too much because of the inconvenience of chewing and poor spleen and stomach function.

Seafood diet This kind of diet is salty and dry in taste, and eating too much will destroy the function of the spleen and stomach, so people with poor spleen and stomach function and often chills in the stomach are not easy to eat too much. Hair Diet Hair products mentioned in Chinese medicine include carp, hairtail, shrimp, crab, dog meat, rooster, mutton and mushrooms, daylily, toon, pumpkin, etc. Most of these are wind-producing, phlegm-producing, and fire-fueling products.

People with high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, and arteriosclerosis should not eat more. Patients with tuberculosis or hemoptysis should not eat because the hair can cause fire and blood. Raw and cold diet includes all kinds of melons and fruits, raw vegetables, cold drinks, etc.

Because of its cold taste, it can clear away heat and generate energy, and is suitable for heat syndrome, such as constipation, shortness of urine, throat disease, etc.; However, because of its coldness, it is easy to hurt the spleen and stomach, so the spleen and stomach are weak, and patients with abdominal pain, stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea and other patients with physical deficiency and cold should not eat.

Pumpkins were introduced to China during the Ming Dynasty.

It is believed that Chinese pumpkins were introduced to the Americas, and after Columbus discovered the New World in 1492, American pumpkins began to spread to the world, and in the middle of the 16th century, canvas bark was introduced to China.

Pumpkin, a species of the genus Cucurbitaceae, is an annual creeping herbaceous plant with stems often rooted, petioles stout, leaves broadly ovate or ovate, slightly soft, leaf veins raised, tendrils slightly thick, monoecious, and fruit peduncles stout and stout.

Methods of reproduction

The ground can be prepared in the first winter, and the plantar fertilizer can be applied, and the next spring.

In February and March, the seeds can be buried, because the seedlings grow and grow fast, so they need to be in.

Apply fertilizer in April, May and June, and pay attention to watering. The management of pumpkin is relatively extensive, because the root system is developed and the leaves are rooted between the nodes, so it is necessary to pay attention to cultivating soil in order to absorb nutrients.

A seedling pumpkin can grow many branches and forks, in order not to make the nutrients too dispersed, to make a fork, a seedling to leave the main vine 2-3 roots, and according to the soil and melon seedling growth, after giving birth to several fetuses can be beaten to the top bud. As long as the pumpkin soil is fertile, watering and fertilizing frequently, generally 3-5 leaves slip a melon, and leave more melons to grow small.

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The pumpkins ripen before July and September, and they are available around September. It can be planted in spring and autumn, if it is planted in spring, it is best to plant in January-March, and in autumn it is planted in July-August, the growth cycle is about 4-6 months, flowering in May-July, and the ripening time is around July-September. Pumpkin is a vegetable that matures in summer and autumn, and it matures in July and September, and is available around September.

It blooms from May to July. <>

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National pumpkin market time.

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The pumpkins ripen before July and September, and they are available around September. It can be planted in spring and autumn, if it is planted in spring, it is best to plant in January-March, and in autumn it is planted in July-August, the growth cycle is 4-6 months, the left split sedan is right, the flowering is in May-July, and the maturity time is around July-September. Pumpkin is a vegetable that matures in summer and autumn, and it will ripen one after another from July to September, and it will be available around September.

It blooms from May to July. <>

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The current season of pumpkin origin.

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At present, the only source of pumpkin production in spring is: Shaanxi, Shandong, Beijing, Yunnan, Henan, Xinjiang, and the northern or northwest regions of China. These areas have short sunshine hours, large temperature differences between day and night, hot summers, and cold winters, which are the ideal climatic and geographical conditions for pumpkins to grow and ripen in these areas.

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Pumpkin is a plant of the genus Pumpkin in the Cucurbitaceae family. Due to the different origins, the names are different. Also known as wheat melon, sweet melon, gourd, golden winter melon, Taiwanese called golden melon, native to North America. It was introduced to China during the Tang Dynasty.