Why is the number of electron layers the same, as the number of nuclear charges increases, the radiu

The number of electron layers and the number of nuclear charges.

The effect on the radius of the atom is a pair of contradictions. The general rule is: when the number of electronic layers is different, the influence of the number of layers on the radius plays a decisive role, the more layers, the larger the radius (there are exceptions, you can look at the data in the textbook, compare the radius of chlorine and lithium); When the number of layers is the same, the effect of the number of nuclear charges on the radius plays a decisive role, and the larger the number of nuclear charges, the smaller the radius.

It can be understood in this way: the number of electron layers is divided according to the distance of the electron from the nucleus and the level of energy, the number of layers is more, of course, the outermost electron is farther away from the nucleus, the larger the radius; When the number of layers is the same, the distance from the nucleus is about the same, the larger the number of nuclear charges, the more electrons, the more positive and negative charges, and the mutual attraction increases, so that the radius decreases. In the same cycle, from left to right, the radius becomes smaller and smaller, the outermost layer is full, and when it enters the next layer, the radius takes a leap, and so on.

The number of electron layers and the atomic radius of a nuclear charge are a pair of contradictions. The general rule is: when playing a decisive role, the electron layer, the radius of the layer, the more layers, the larger the radius (there are exceptions, you can see the data in the textbook, compare the radius of lithium chlorine); The layers are the same, the number of nuclear charge radii plays a decisive role, the larger the nuclear charge, the smaller the radius.

It can be understood: it is divided according to the distance and the energy of the electron layer from the nucleus, the layer, and, of course, the outer shell of the electron, the greater radius of the outermost electron; The number of nuclear charges is almost greater at a distance from the nucleus, the number of electrons is also more active and the negative charges above the mutual pumping action increases, and as a result, the radius decreases. In the same cycle, from left to right, the radius gets smaller and smaller, and into the outermost layer of the next layer, the inner lining, the radius jumps, over and over again.

The number of electron layers is the same, and the higher the number of protons, the greater the gravitational pull on the electrons, and the smaller the radius.

This expression contains two sentences, "the number of electrons is the same" and "the number of nuclear charges and protons in the nucleus is the same", and together they indicate that the electronic configuration of the atom is the same.

"Same number of electron shells" means that the number of electron shells in the atom is the same, that is, their electron energy states are similar. This also means that these atoms belong to the same period.

The number of nuclear charges and the number of protons in the nucleus are the same" means that the number of protons and neutrons of these atoms is the same, which means that their atomic numbers are also the same, that is, they are the same elements.

To sum up, the meaning of this sentence is that atoms with the same electron configuration are the same elements, and they also have the same number of protons and neutrons. This also means that the ridges have the same position in the periodic table with them.

Summary. Hello dear. I can provide you with the following references; According to the theory of atomic structure, atoms with the same number of electrons in the outermost shell have different numbers of electron layers, indicating that they have different nuclear charge numbers.

An increase in the number of nuclear charges makes the atomic radius smaller, because the nucleus becomes more attractive to the electrons, and the electron cloud is pulled more closely. Therefore, when the outermost shell has the same number of electrons and different electron layers, the electron cloud is pulled closer together and the atomic radius becomes smaller. On the other hand, the size of the electron cloud is related to the energy of the electron, the higher the energy of the electron, the farther away from the nucleus of its trajectory, and the larger the electron cloud.

Therefore, when the outermost shell has the same number of electrons and a different number of electron layers, the size of the electron cloud will also be different, and the larger electron cloud will have a larger atomic radius. In summary, when the outermost shell has the same number of electrons and different electron layers, the size of the atomic radius is related to the size of the electron cloud and the number of nuclear charges.

Hello dear. I can provide you with the following references; According to the theory of atomic structure, atoms with the same number of electrons in the outermost shell have different electron layers, indicating that they have different nuclear charge numbers. An increase in the number of nuclear charges makes the atomic radius smaller, because the nucleus becomes more attractive to the electrons, and the electron cloud is pulled more closely.

Therefore, when the outermost shell has the same number of electrons and different electron layers, the electron cloud is pulled closer together and the atomic radius becomes smaller. On the other hand, the size of the electron cloud is related to the energy of the electron, and the higher the energy of the electron, the farther away from the nucleus, the larger the electron cloud. Therefore, when the outermost shell has the same number of electrons and a different number of electron layers, the size of the electron cloud will also be different, and the larger electron cloud will have a larger atomic radius.

To sum up, when the number of electrons in the outermost shell is the same as the number of electron layers, the size of the atomic radius is related to the size of the electron cloud and the number of nuclear charges, and the larger the electron cloud will have a larger atomic radius, and vice versa.

That's not right. When the outermost shell has the same number of electrons and different electron layersThe larger the particle radius.

Hello dear. According to the theory of atomic structure, the larger the number of electrons in the outermost shell, the larger the particle radius. This is because as the number of electron shells increases, the charge number of the nucleus also increases, attracting more electrons into the inner shell of the atom.

This weakens the force of attraction between the outermost electron and the fibril burner nucleus, resulting in an increase in the orbital radius of the outermost silver electron.

The number of electron layers is the same, and it is true that the larger the number of nuclear charges, the smaller the radius.

Because the protopotato has a positively charged proton crypt and negatively charged electrons, they are attracted to each other, there are many protons, and the stronger the attraction, the smaller the radius.

The magnesium ion is less than the radius of the oxygen atom.

When the number of electron layers is the same, the more protons, the smaller the radius.

Magnesium ions are the same as the electron shell of oxygen atoms, but magnesium ions have 12 protons and oxygen have 8 protons, so the number of magnesium ions is less than the radius of oxygen atoms.

1. In the same period, the greater the number of protons (the farther to the right), the greater the gravitational pull of the nucleus electrons, resulting in a smaller atomic radius.

2. In the same family, the more electron layers (the lower it is), it seems that people wear more clothes, which will naturally increase the atomic radius.

3. In general, the atomic radius in the lower left corner is large, and the atomic radius in the upper right corner is small.

4. The atom in the upper left corner and the atom in the lower right corner are sometimes difficult to compare directly. When you use it, you can only look it up the table or you already have it in your head. "The greater the number of electron layers, the greater the atomic radius" is here to "fall".

For example, in a house, the more layers, the higher the electrons, there is a repulsion between the electrons, and each electron layer will have a balance, so there is a distance, and the more the more the radius, the larger the radius.

Because atoms are composed of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons, they are attracted to each other, there are many protons, and the stronger the force of attraction, the smaller the radius.

The magnesium ion is less than the radius of the oxygen atom.

When the number of electron layers is the same, the more protons, the smaller the radius.

Magnesium ions have the same electron shell as oxygen atoms, but magnesium ions have 12 protons and oxygen have 8 protons, so magnesium ions are smaller than the radius of oxygen atoms.

(1) A proton number = 11, number of electrons outside the nucleus = 10, number of protons The number of electrons outside the nucleus, is cationic

The number of outermost electrons in b is 7, which is greater than 4, which is a non-metallic element, and it is easy to obtain 1 electron in the chemical reaction to form anions

x = 2 + 8 + 7 = 17 in bParticles of the same element have the same number of protons, and the number of protons in the nucleus of b and c is the same, and they belong to the same element

The general way to compare the size of atomic or ionic radius is: the more electron layers, the larger the radius; If the number of electron layers is the same, the larger the number of nuclear charges, the smaller the radius; If the number of electrons and the number of nuclear charges are the same, the greater the number of electrons in the outermost shell, the larger the radius. Then the radius of c is larger than that of b

2) The number of electron layers of Na and Mg is the same, and the larger the number of nuclear charges, the smaller the radius, the radius of the sodium atom is larger than that of the magnesium atom; The more electron layers there are, the larger the radius, and the radius of the potassium atom is the largest; Then the order of the three atomic radii from large to small is potassium, sodium, and magnesium; For metal elements, the larger the atomic radius, the smaller the number of electrons in the outermost shell, the stronger the metallicity, and the stronger the alkalinity of the corresponding hydroxide, then the most basic among Naoh, Mg(OH)2, and KOH is KOH

For metal elements, the larger the atomic radius, the less the number of electrons in the outermost shell, the stronger the metallicity, the stronger the alkalinity of the corresponding hydroxide, the weaker the oxidation of the corresponding cation, the order of the three atomic radii from large to small is potassium, sodium, magnesium, then the most oxidizing in Na+, Mg2+, K+ is Mg2+

So the answer is: (1) a; ②b；b and c; ④cba；（2）①koh；②mg2+．

How to determine the size of the particle radius:

The greater the number of electron layers, the larger the radius.

The number of electron layers is the same, look at the number of nuclear power nuclei, that is, the atomic number, the radius of the atomic number is small, if the number of electron layers and the number of nuclear nuclei are also exactly the same, then look at the outermost e-book, the radius of the outermost electron is large.

Remember these three points, and you will be able to take the Tsinghua exam.

Atomic radius: Compare the number of layers first, the radius with more layers is larger; If the number of layers is the same, compare the atomic number, the larger the atomic number, the smaller radius (the larger the atomic number, the more electrons, the larger the Coulomb force, the smaller the radius).

This is the case when comparing the same main family, the number of atomic and electronic layers of the elements of different main families is not necessarily the larger the radius is not necessarily the greater the number of atoms and electrons of different main families;

It seems very abstract to say, so to give you the above picture: (the size of the circle represents the size of the atom) <>

The atomic radius of Li is larger than that of Cl, although Cl is one layer more than Li.

The larger the number of nuclear charges, the stronger the attraction of electrons outside the nucleus to the nucleus, and the closer the electrons outside the nucleus to the nucleus, the smaller the particle radius.