Why does the temperature bottom out with increasing altitude?

For every 100 m above sea level, the temperature will drop from the ground upwards, and the Earth's atmosphere can be divided into troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. Between the troposphere and stratosphere is the transition layer known as the tropopause. Depending on latitude and season, the height of the troposphere top above the ground is generally between 8 km and 16 km.

Because the heat of the atmosphere in the troposphere in which we live is radiated by the ground, the higher the altitude and the farther away from the ground, the less heat is supplied by the ground, and the lower the temperature, with an average temperature drop of 100 meters per 100 meters of elevation.

Above the troposphere is the stratosphere, where the temperature rises with altitude because the heat in this layer of the atmosphere does not come from the ground, but from the ground.

The temperature of the atmosphere is high where ozone is high and the temperature is high where the ozone is absorbed by solar radiation in the advection period.

The higher the altitude, the lower the temperature mainly for the following reasons: first, at high altitude, the thinner the air and poor heat storage capacity, second, at high altitude, the less reflected heat energy from the ground, and the weaker the reverse radiation, third, the higher the altitude, the thinner the cloud layer, and the faster the heat loss.

Topography has a certain influence on the climate, with every 100 meters above sea level decreasing, and at the same latitude, the land temperature is high in summer and the sea temperature is low, and the opposite is true in winter.

Altitude is the abbreviation of altitude, which generally refers to the vertical distance between a certain place on the ground above sea level, and is the height difference between a certain place and the sea level.

The atmosphere is mainly divided into five layers, from bottom to top, in the order of troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, warm layer and fugitive layer, in the troposphere, the higher the altitude, the lower the temperature, in the stratosphere, the higher the altitude, the higher the temperature.

The ground, on the other hand, can absorb visible energy and be heated, which in turn releases infrared radiation with longer wavelengths. Electromagnetic radiation in this band can be absorbed by the atmosphere, raising temperatures. So, while the main energy** of the Earth's atmosphere temperature is the sun overhead, it directly heats the atmosphere on the Earth's surface.

This is what we see in the summer when the heat wave rises on the ground, heating the atmosphere by convection.

The range of warmth of fire on Earth is very limited, and small changes in distance can make a big difference, and this change is noticeable to us. And since the Earth is 100 million kilometers from the Sun, this is only the average distance, and the difference between the Earth's aphelion and perihelion is about 5 million kilometers. The more direct the sun, the warmer the ground, for example, the equator is warm all year round.

The higher an air mass rises, the more its temperature drops. So, although the warm air rises, it cools down quickly as it moves to higher altitudes.

While some of the sun's heat is absorbed by the Earth's surface and atmosphere, more heat is absorbed by the ground, resulting in relatively high temperatures close to the ground. Also, the further up you go, the thinner the air becomes, as does its ability to absorb and retain heat That's why Venus is not the closest planet to the Sun, but it is the planet with the highest average temperature. In the case of the Earth, the difference between aphelion and perihelion is about 5 million kilometers.

On the summer solstice, when the Northern Hemisphere is in summer, the Earth is furthest from the Sun. Visible distance is not the only factor that determines the temperature of the Earth's surface.

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Because the higher the altitude, the air is very thin, the ability to store heat will be very poor, and the altitude is too high to receive very little heat, so the temperature will be very low.

Because the higher the altitude, the less organisms are present, and the air and oxygen are particularly thin, so the temperature is getting lower and lower.

This is because the higher the altitude, the lower the amount of gases in the air and the inability to transmit heat, so the lower the temperature.

Because the higher the altitude, the less organisms exist, and the atmosphere and oxygen are particularly thin, so the temperature is getting lower and lower.

The saying "the higher the altitude, the lower the temperature" applies only to the tropospheric atmosphere. In the stratosphere, there is a large amount of ozone distributed in the stratosphere, which can absorb ultraviolet rays from the sun, so in the stratosphere, the higher the altitude, the more solar radiation is received, and the higher the temperature.

Solar radiation is mainly short-wave radiation, including visible light and ultraviolet light, etc., which can rarely be directly absorbed by the tropospheric atmosphere, so sunlight can penetrate the atmosphere to the ground and be absorbed by the ground. After absorbing heat, the ground radiation, mainly infrared, emitted from the ground is long-wave radiation, which can be absorbed by the atmosphere.

Therefore, the ground is the main source of heat for the atmosphere. The high altitude of the mountains is far from the ground, and the infiltration banquet not only receives less ground radiation, but also because the air is thin and the cloud cover is less, the heat storage capacity of the atmosphere is also very low, which leads to the higher the altitude, the lower the temperature.

In layman's terms:

The temperature change felt is not directly from the heat of the sun, but from the air above the earth, the earth absorbs the heat of the sun and emits it to the surrounding air, so the air is gradually warmed from the bottom up.

Therefore, the higher the mountain, the less heat in the atmosphere is obtained, and the lower the natural temperature; In addition, the higher the mountain, the thinner the air and the less heat it restores. So, when we climb a mountain closer to the sun, we feel that it's not too hot, it's too cold.