What is a semiconductor, let s go into detail.

Semiconductors are substances whose resistivity is between that of a metal and an insulator and has a negative temperature coefficient of resistance.

The resistivity of semiconductors is about 10-5 107 ohms·m at room temperature, and the resistivity index decreases when the temperature increases.

There are many semiconductor materials, which can be divided into two categories: elemental semiconductors and compound semiconductors according to their chemical composition.

Germanium and silicon are the most commonly used elemental semiconductors; Compound semiconductors include - compounds (gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, etc.), group compounds (cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, etc.), oxides (oxides of manganese, chromium, iron, copper), and solid solutions composed of - and - compounds (gallium aluminum, arsenic, gallium arsenic phosphorus, etc.). In addition to the above-mentioned crystalline semiconductors, there are also amorphous glass semiconductors and organic semiconductors.

Semiconductors are divided into intrinsic semiconductors and impurity semiconductors. Impurity semiconductors are what we use to make transistors. Your Excellency is going to learn electronics.

Semiconductors, as the name suggests, are half conductors and half insulators. That is, the current can only pass in one direction, and the reverse direction cannot be passed. For example:

A section of iron wire can conduct electricity no matter which direction it is connected to the positive pole, while the semiconductor can be turned on if the positive pole is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the negative electrode cannot be turned on if it is connected to the positive stage of the power supply, and it is in an insulated state.

Semiconductor materials generally use silicon and germanium, mostly silicon, silicon infiltrates phosphorus to form a PN junction, you can achieve unidirectional conduction.

Specifically, it should be used in rectifier, amplification, and switching circuits. Nowadays, many remote control and sensing technologies are realized by switching circuits, and when the conditions are met, the switch is turned on, the corresponding circuit is turned on, and the corresponding action or function occurs.

Objects such as germanium, silicon, selenium, gallium arsenide, and many metal oxides and metal sulfides, whose conductivity is between conductors and insulators, are called semiconductors.

Semiconductors have some special properties. For example, the relationship between the resistivity and temperature of semiconductors can be used to make thermistors (thermistors) for automatic control; Its photosensitive characteristics can be used to make photosensitive elements for automatic control, such as photocells, photocells and photoresistors.

Semiconductors also have one of the most important properties, and if trace impurities are properly incorporated into pure semiconductor substances, their conductivity will increase millions of times. This characteristic can be used to manufacture a variety of semiconductor devices for different purposes, such as semiconductor diodes, transistors, etc.

When one side of a semiconductor is made into a p-type region and the other side is made into an n-type region, a thin layer with special properties is formed near the junction, which is generally called a p-n junction. The upper part of the figure shows the diffusion of carriers at the interface between p-type semiconductors and n-type semiconductors (indicated by black arrows). The middle part shows the formation process of the p-n junction, indicating that the diffusion of the carriers is greater than the drift (indicated by a blue arrow, and a red arrow indicates the direction of the built-in electric field).

The lower part is the formation of the PN junction. Represents the dynamic equilibrium of diffusion and drift.

Semiconductors are materials that have electrical conductivity between conductors and insulators at room temperature.

Semiconductors are used in integrated circuits, consumer electronics, communication systems, photovoltaic power generation, lighting, high-power power conversion and other fields, such as diodes are devices made of semiconductors.

Problems with semiconductors

There are many parameters involved in the process of semiconductor cooling, and the conditions are complex and changeable. Any one of these parameters will have an impact on the cooling effect. In laboratory research, it is difficult to meet the specified noise, so it is necessary to study the laboratory environment, but it is difficult to determine the number of influencing factors.

Semiconductor refrigeration technology is a refrigeration technology based on particle effects and is reversible. Therefore, in the application process of refrigeration technology, there will be a large temperature difference between the cold and hot ends, which will inevitably have an impact on the refrigeration effect.

Semiconductor refers to a material whose conductive properties are between a conductor and an insulator at room temperature. Semiconductors are used in a wide range of applications in radios, televisions, and temperature measurement. For example, diodes are devices made of semiconductors.

A semiconductor is a material whose electrical conductivity can be controlled, from an insulator to a conductor. Whether from the perspective of technology or economic development, the importance of semiconductors is very huge. The core unit of most of today's electronic products, such as computers, mobile** or digital voice recorders, is closely related to semiconductors.

Common semiconductor materials include silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, etc., and silicon is the most influential one in commercial applications among various semiconductor materials.

Substances with a resistivity between a metal and an insulator and a negative temperature coefficient of resistance are called semiconductors.

For example, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, etc.