Overview of Meta Miscellaneous Drama What are the characteristics of Meta Miscellaneous Drama?

Yuan Miscellaneous Opera is a form of opera sung in Beiqu (northern tunes). The late Jin Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty were born in northern China. It was developed on the basis of the Golden Academy and under the influence of the Zhugong tune.

As a new type of complete drama form, Yuan Miscellaneous Opera has its own characteristics and strict system, forming an opera art form that organically combines singing, speaking and dancing, and has produced a literary script with a complete structure that combines rhyme and prose.

Structure: Yuan miscellaneous dramas are generally a complete story with four folds, and some have five-fold, six-fold or multiple consecutive performances.

Fold is the first unit of organization, but also the natural paragraph of the development of the storyline, it is not limited by time and place, each fold mostly includes more scenes, similar to the "curtain" of modern drama. Some miscellaneous dramas also have "wedges", which usually play an accounting role before the first fold. It is equivalent to the prologue of modern dramas, used to explain the plot and introduce the characters.

Each twist of the miscellaneous drama is limited to a set of tunes composed of the same house tune. During the performance, the four-fold book is sung by the end of the year or the day of the day. (The other characters only speak in plain language), which are called "Moben" or "Danben" respectively.

Roles: The roles played are Mo, Dan, Jing, Chou, etc. Yuan miscellaneous dramas have only one protagonist in each play, the male protagonist is called Zhengmo, and the female protagonist is called Zhengdan.

In addition, the supporting male roles include the deputy end (the second protagonist), the outer end (the elderly man), the small end (the teenager), etc.; The supporting actresses include Vice Dan, Wai Dan, Xiao Dan, etc.

Net: Commonly known as "big flower face", most of them play characters with peculiarities in personality and appearance. Such as Zhang Fei and Li Kui.

Ugly: Commonly known as "Little Flower Face", he probably plays a male secondary character.

In addition, there are also 孛老 (old man), Bu'er (old woman), lonely (**), and Lai'er (small house).

Composition of the script: The script is composed of three parts: singing, science and white.

The lyrics are rhymes written according to a certain palace tune (musical tune) and music card (music score). Gong tune, that is, the tone, is equivalent to the C key and D key of modern **. The song card is the name of the tune, and each song card belongs to a certain palace tune.

The first piece of each set in the script is preceded by a palace tune. Yuan miscellaneous opera stipulates that for each play, a set of tunes of the same palace tune is sung, and the order of the palace tune and each set of tunes is conventional.

Ke is an umbrella term for dramatic action. Including stage programming, martial arts and dance.

Bai is "bin bai", which is the confessional part of the people in the play. There are four types of dialogues: dialogue (character dialogue); monologue (character narration); narration (reciting other characters' self-narration); With white (interlude in the lyrics).

Bin Bai is an important organic part of Yuan miscellaneous dramas. The so-called "song and white are born together, and the plot is wonderful", which illustrates this point.

The characteristics of the meta-miscellaneous drama are as follows:

1. "Four folds and one wedge" is the most common script structure form of Yuan miscellaneous dramas, combined into one, each script is generally composed of four folds, sometimes plus a wedge, to tell a complete story, a few works are also divided into five or six folds, and two wedges are used. Usually one play is one play, and individual plays with too long plots can be written into multiple copies.

2. In terms of tune, the Yuan Miscellaneous Opera is based on the North, so it is also known as the "Northern Miscellaneous Opera", which adopts the form of a set of Northern Songs, each fold uses a set of songs, and each set of songs is generally composed of several pieces of the same palace tune.

3. The characters of miscellaneous dramas are divided into dan, end, net, and miscellaneous. Dan includes Zhengdan.

Waidan, Xiaodan, Dadan, Laodan, and Lindan. Zhengdan: The main actress who sings, and the secondary actress of Waidan and Tiedan. The end includes the main end, the small end, the punch end, and the secondary end.

4. The lead singer of Yuan miscellaneous dramas is generally sung by one person or male and female protagonists, and the role of the lead singer is either the end of the year, or Zhengdan, and the lead singer of Zhengdan is called Danben, such as "Dou E's Injustice".

Dou E's lead singer, the lead singer at the end of the lead is called the last book, such as "Han Palace Autumn".

The lead singer of Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty.

The conditions for the production of meta-miscellaneous dramas

There are many conditions and factors for the rise and prosperity of Yuan Miscellaneous Opera: the development of various opera arts in the previous generation has provided various references in the form of miscellaneous opera, many literati have participated in theatrical activities to promote the prosperity of script creation, and the emergence of many famous actors has also contributed to the prosperity of miscellaneous opera.

At that time, theatrical performances were extensive, from the court to the civilian society, watching theatrical performances became an entertainment habit, and the competitiveness brought about by the commercialization of performances was also one of the reasons for the prosperity of miscellaneous operas, and from the aspect of literary scripts, one of the main factors was the emergence of some new writers who maintained close ties with the people, some of them were "scholars and talents", some were "professional actors", and more were literati who did not meet or served as lower-level officials.

The characteristics of the meta-miscellaneous drama are as follows:

1. The script system of Yuan miscellaneous dramas is mostly composed of four folds and one wedge (there are exceptions, such as the famous "The Legend of the West Chamber" is five books and twenty-one folds), and four folds are not only four ** paragraphs, but also four plot paragraphs. The so-called ** paragraph refers to the fact that the tunes of the Yuan miscellaneous drama script are often divided into four sets, each fold sings a set of songs, and each set of songs is a palace tune, rhyming the same rhyme. Coincidentally, the four folds correspond seamlessly to the "beginning and end", so there are four more plot paragraphs.

2. The first structure of the Yuan Miscellaneous Opera is the "Song Card Joint System", that is, different music cards are connected into a set according to a certain rule and chapter to form a song of a folded play. This is a commonly used structure in Chinese opera. This structure is more mature in the Zhugong tune, but the Yuan Miscellaneous Opera goes further, it abandons the too frequent changes in the palace tune in the Zhugong tune, and retains the lyricism of the Lian Ji in the Zhugong tune.

The result is a fusion of lyricism and narrative into a kind of drama.

3. Although Yuan Miscellaneous Opera is influenced by the art of rapping and is already a spokesperson, it is still a "one-person lead singer" during the performance. This approach has both advantages and disadvantages, the advantage is of course conducive to unity, and it also polishes the singing art of Zhengdan and Zhengwei, but the disadvantage is that it suppresses the characters next to it, which is not conducive to the fullness of the dramatic situation, and at the same time, the content of the lead singer will inevitably sound verbose, and of course, it will also make the protagonist overtired.

4. Within the range of one fold, a set of tunes must be one house to the end. A play has four folds, which means that there are four sets of songs and four palace tunes, which provides sufficient space for the change of tonality, so that the Yuan miscellaneous opera can enhance the drama through the change.