Why did the Yuan miscellaneous drama decline in the middle of the Yuan Dynasty?

A theatrical style developed on the basis of the Golden Academy. The middle of the Yuan Dynasty did not adapt to the society of the time.

Yuan Dynasty Miscellaneous Opera is a drama style developed on the basis of the previous generation of opera art Song Miscellaneous Opera and Jin Yuan Ben. The middle of the Yuan Dynasty did not adapt to the society of the time.

Many works of Yuan miscellaneous dramas criticized the bureaucrats, gentry and their ** of the feudal ruling class, and they did not adapt to the society at that time in the middle of the Yuan Dynasty. Wait a minute.

The creation and performance of miscellaneous plays entered its heyday. In the middle of the decay into decay.

There has been a reversal of the tendencies of his creation and the content he reflected. Many of the works of the Yuan Miscellaneous Drama attacked the bureaucracy of the feudal ruling class.

At this time, there was a tendency to seriously detach from life and avoid struggle in the creation of miscellaneous plays.

Because Yuan opera is a drama style developed on the basis of the previous generation of opera arts, Song Miscellaneous Opera and Jin Yuanben.

The historical and cultural background of the formation of Yuan Miscellaneous Drama Yuan Miscellaneous Drama: No.

First, the Yuan Dynasty unified the north and south, the economy was prosperous, the production developed, the business was unimpeded from the north and the south, and the capital Dayi spread all over the country. The burghers are growing.

Clause. 2. The ruling clique of the Yuan Dynasty did not attach much importance to the traditional rituals centered on the Han nationality, so that literature and art had the conditions to develop into popular popularity.

Clause. 3. From the very beginning of the founding of the country, the Yuan Dynasty adopted a policy of suppressing and discriminating against the Han and Han intellectuals. All of the above circumstances objectively promoted the development of the drama industry, and Yuan miscellaneous opera came into being.

The reason for the prosperity.

1. The basic premise for the prosperity of opera.

1. The economic development of the city provides sufficient material conditions for the prosperity of the Yuan miscellaneous opera.

Major cities in the north and south have appeared in a variety of tricks and arts, especially as the capital of Kaifeng, Dadu, Hangzhou and other places are more prosperous.

2. The cultural demands of the audience, the ruling class and the general public.

The aristocracy of the Yuan Dynasty had a lot of records about their hobby of singing, dancing and opera.

2. Several theories about the reasons for the prosperity of Yuan miscellaneous dramas.

As a representative of the literature of the Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Miscellaneous Opera was very prosperous at that time, so that it gained the same status as Tang poetry and Song poetry in the history of literature.

Later generations have mixed accounts of its prosperity.

Ming Shen Deqian's "Wanli Ye Gets Compiled" and Zang Maoxun's "Selected Preface to Yuan Songs" believe that the Yuan Dynasty's use of lyrics and songs to select scholars is the reason for the development of Yuan miscellaneous dramas.

Li Kaixian said that it was the result of the political decline of the Yuan Dynasty and the sinking of the literati.

Wang Guowei attributed it to the abolition of the imperial examination in the early Yuan Dynasty.

Sun Kaidi's understanding is more comprehensive.

He believes that the Yuan court is still a miscellaneous opera, the hobby of the times, and the scholars of the book club work closely with Haiyou.

3. Three reasons for the prosperity of Yuan miscellaneous dramas.

1. Artistic reasons:

The accumulation and development of various opera arts, Yuan Miscellaneous Opera is a complete dramatic art that integrates various performing art forms under the direct influence of Jinyuan and Zhugong Tunes.

And since the Tang and Song dynasties, he has created mature literary scripts on the basis of scripts, lyrics, and singing literature.

Legends**, scripts**, etc. prepare story content for opera, and provide characters that are well-known to the people; The music organization of the rap Zhugong tunes and the combination of music and white directly influenced the system of opera; A variety of team dances make the dance figure and appearance of the opera more beautifying; Puppet shows and shadow plays also have an impact on the dance moves and facial makeup they absorb.

Their development has gradually matured the performing arts of opera, and at the same time prepared the conditions for the production of excellent literary scripts.

2. Political reasons:

The cultural policy of the Yuan **, the intellectuals of the Han nationality were discriminated against at that time.

The humble family and the "sluggish position" prompted some people to engage in opera activities.

3. Economic reasons:

The deformed development of the city.

The development of Yuan miscellaneous opera in the development stage can be divided into three periods: the early stage, from the destruction of the Mongol Jin to the Yuan ancestor Kublai Khan to the 31st year of the Yuan Dynasty (1234-1294).

In the middle period, from the first year of Yuan Chengzong Timur Yuanzhen to the third year of Yuan Wenzong Tu Timur to Shun (1295-1332).

In the late period, during the reign of Emperor Timur of Yuan Shun (1333-1368).

In the three phases of the beginning, middle and late periods, the regional changes in the creation of miscellaneous dramas, and their respective characteristics in terms of content destruction and artistic expression.

An analysis of the creative subjects of miscellaneous dramas in the Yuan Dynasty.

The two types of writers who have had the greatest influence on the creation of Yuan miscellaneous dramas.

Guan Hanqing, a representative of the prodigal literati of the Yuan Dynasty.

Fifth, the role of famous actors. Yuanren Xia Tingzhi's "Qinglou Collection" has recorded many famous actors in miscellaneous operas, not only they have their own professions and specialties, but also some famous actors have a fairly high level of education, such as Zhu Lianxiu can compose and sing harmony with famous literati at that time.

In addition, the Yuan Dynasty had a vast territory, developed transportation, and close relations between international and multi-ethnic exchanges and integration. Cultural exchanges between various ethnic groups, especially the dissemination of music from the northern ethnic groups. It also has a certain effect on the prosperity of miscellaneous dramas.

The economic prosperity of the capital city of the Yuan Dynasty prepared the material conditions for the development of the Yuan miscellaneous opera

Since the Tang and Song dynasties, various literary colleges.

The flourishing of the study of art provided sufficient conditions for the formation and prosperity of Yuan miscellaneous opera. For example, legends and scripts provide rich subject matter content for opera.

The unification of the Yuan Dynasty brought closer relations between various ethnic groups, and the cultural exchanges between various ethnic groups, especially the dissemination of the music of the northern ethnic groups, had a certain role in promoting the prosperity of miscellaneous operas.

The low social status of the literati in the Yuan Dynasty objectively promoted the prosperity and development of miscellaneous operas.

Some women with high cultural literacy became entertainers in the turmoil, and they also played a certain role in promoting the prosperity of acrobatics.