What are the benefits of cultivating? What does tillage mean The role of tillage

Cultivated loose soil refers to the topsoil tillage between the rows during the growth period of crops. Here's what it does:

1. Loosen the soil, circulate the air, and increase the ground temperature. (The temperature of spring corn is low in early spring, and timely cultivation and loosening of the soil can increase the soil temperature, which is conducive to the root system and promote the growth of seedlings).

2. At the same time, it is beneficial to soil microbial activities, accelerates the decomposition of organic matter, improves soil effective nutrients, and improves nutritional conditions.

3. Regulate moisture, prevent drought and moisture, and promote the growth of corn. (After cultivating and loosening the soil, the soil compaction is broken and truncated.)

The capillary prevents the evaporation of water below the loose soil layer and achieves the effect of water storage and moisture conservation. When the soil moisture is excessive, cultivating the loose soil can evaporate the soil moisture, so that the corn grows well).

4. Weed control. (Corn rows are wider, easy to grow weeds, combined with cultivated loose soil can remove weeds, conducive to crop growth).

Note: The time of tillage should be determined according to the soil, climate and other conditions, and tillage should be carried out soon after the rain. The number of tillage is based on the principle of moisture preservation and weeding, and the soil is clayy, arid, and the grass should be cultivated diligently.

There are many kinds of weeds in China's farmland, and traditional agricultural production is to use cultivation management measures such as ploughing, tillage, hand pulling and other methods to control farmland weeds, which take a lot of labor and labor intensity. At present, chemical herbicides are widely used in crop weeding, which is both labor-saving and cost-saving, and has played a great role in agricultural harvest. However, some farmers think that the grass has been removed after applying herbicides, so they do not want to cultivate it.

In fact, herbicides can only remove weeds, not replace cultivating, which has a variety of other functions in addition to weeding.

1. Increase soil aeration. Cultivation of dry crops such as wheat, corn, rape, and cotton can increase soil aeration, increase the oxygen content in the soil, and enhance the respiration of crops. During the growth process, crops continue to consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide, so that the oxygen content of the soil continues to decrease.

After cultivating and loosening the soil, the oxygen in the atmosphere continues to enter the soil layer, and carbon dioxide is continuously discharged from the soil layer, so the respiration of crops is vigorous, and the absorption capacity is strengthened, so that they can grow luxuriantly.

2. Increase the content of available nutrients in the soil. The organic matter and mineral nutrients in the soil must be decomposed by soil microorganisms before they can be absorbed and utilized by crops. Because the vast majority of microorganisms in dry soil are aerobic, when the soil is compacted and not aerated and the oxygen in the soil is insufficient, the microbial activity is weak, and the soil nutrients cannot be fully decomposed and released.

After cultivating and loosening the soil, soil microorganisms are active due to sufficient oxygen, which decomposes and releases a large number of potential nutrients in the soil, and improves the utilization rate of soil nutrients.

3. Adjust soil moisture content. Cultivating in drought can cut off the capillary of the soil surface, reduce the transport of soil moisture to the soil surface, reduce evaporation and loss, and improve the drought resistance of the soil.

4. Increase soil temperature. Cultivating loose soil can loosen the soil, increase the light-receiving area, enhance the absorption of solar radiation energy, weaken the heat dissipation ability, and can quickly conduct heat to the deep soil and increase the soil temperature. In particular, the effect of cultivating the heavy and compact soil is more obvious, which can make the seeds germinate and the seedlings grow quickly.

5. Inhibit growth. When the vegetative growth of crops is too vigorous, deep cultivation can cut off part of the root system, control the absorption of nutrients, and inhibit the growth.

6. Soil and fertilizer are integrated. Cultivating can make the fertilizer applied on the surface layer and stir it to the bottom layer to achieve the purpose of soil and fertilizer integration. In particular, paddy field tillage can also remove harmful substances in the soil and prevent denitrification, promote the occurrence of a large number of new roots, improve the absorption capacity, and increase tillering.

After the application of chemical herbicides, different crops have different cultivation times. Rapeseed, wheat, cotton, soybean and other dryland crops should be carried out 20 25 days after spraying, and rice fields should be carried out 12 days after application, otherwise the effect of chemical weeding will be affected.

Cultivating refers to the tillage measures carried out on the soil during the crop growth period, such as hoeing, plowing, shoveling, and tillage. The function of tillage is to loosen the topsoil, cut off the rise of capillary water, reduce water evaporation, and can break the compaction, improve soil aeration, increase precipitation infiltration to store rainfall, and also facilitate the increase of ground temperature, accelerate the transformation of nutrients, so as to facilitate the growth and development of crops. And it can eliminate weeds and reduce unproductive consumption of water and nutrients; Cultivating combined with soil cultivation can prevent lodging and improve the yield and quality of crops.

The cultivation time can be carried out when the ground is dry or wet, and can also be determined according to the growth of weeds and crops in the field. The depth of cultivation is determined according to the principle of "one time shallow, two times deep, and three times the soil does not hurt the roots".

It refers to the shallow overturning of the soil and the loosening of the surface soil.

It is mainly the loosening of the topsoil, usually in combination with weeding, after rainfall, irrigation, and soil compaction. In the North American nursery industry, cultivated seedlings in the field are mostly cultivated and hoeed, which not only plays the role of loosening the soil and weeding, but also avoids the use of herbicides to pollute the environment.

It is topsoil cultivation between the rows during the growth period of crops. Tools such as hand hoes, cultivators, tooth rakes and various cultivators can be used. Cultivating can loosen the topsoil, increase soil aeration, increase ground temperature, promote aerobic microbial activity and nutrient effectiveness, remove weeds, promote root extension, and regulate soil moisture.

In the process of growing medicinal plants, the operation method of cultivating the soil to loosen the soil is called medium cultivation. Cultivating can loosen the soil, circulate air, strengthen moisture retention, and increase ground temperature in early spring; In tillage, it can also be combined with tillering or cutting off some shallow roots to control plant growth. Weeding is done to eliminate weeds, reduce water and fertilizer consumption, keep the field clean, and prevent the breeding and spread of pests and diseases.

Weeding is generally combined with cultivating, thinning, soil cultivation, etc., to save labor. Cultivating and weeding are generally carried out before the closure of the row, and when the soil moisture is not high on sunny or cloudy days. The depth of cultivation depends on the size, height and height of the plant, the depth of the root distribution and the growth of the underground part.

If the root group is distributed on the surface layer of the soil, it is advisable to cultivate it shallowly; Deep-rooted plants can be cultivated deeper. For example, shallow root plants such as asparagus, mint, polygonatum japonica, and Yanhusuo should be cultivated shallowly; The taproots such as Platycodon, hyssop, Angelica dahurica, and peony are long, deep in the soil, and can be appropriately deepened in cultivation. The number of tillage should be based on the local climate, soil and plant growth.

The plants at the seedling stage are young, weeds are easy to breed, the soil is easy to compact, and the weeding should be diligent; In the adult stage, the branches and leaves grow luxuriantly, and the number of weeding should be less to avoid damage to the plants, the weather is dry, the soil is clay, and more tillage should be done: after rain or irrigation, it should be cultivated in time to avoid soil compaction.

Many rhizomes or perennial medicinal plants are susceptible to drought due to rain, which exposes their roots to the surface due to rain, affecting the growth and development of roots and aboveground parts. Therefore, when cultivating and weeding in medicinal plants, it is necessary to combine soil cultivation to protect plants from wintering and summer, avoid root exposure, prevent drought, enhance support ability, prevent lodging, protect bud heads (such as Radix Radix), and promote rooting (such as Banxia). In the underground part, there are medicinal plants with upward growth habits, such as Polygonatum japonica, Coptis chinensis, Rhubarb, etc., if the soil is not properly cultivated, the quality and yield of medicinal materials will be affected.

The time of soil cultivation varies according to different plants, and the first and second year of medicinal plants are carried out in the middle and late stages of growth; Perennial herbaceous and woody plants, usually carried out in combination with frost protection before winter.

For the production of cultivated forage crops such as corn and sorghum, it is advisable to carry out cultivating and soil cultivation at the seedling stage and during the whole growth period. The role of tillage: first, loosen the soil, increase the gas exchange between the soil and the outside, and promote the growth of the root system; the second is to cut off the capillary action, reduce water evaporation and dissipation, and increase soil temperature; the third is pre-rain tillage, which can reduce surface runoff and increase soil water storage; Fourth, weed control.

Cultivating usually needs to be carried out 3 or 4 times, the first time is before the seedling, the second time is after the seedling, the third time is before the jointing, and the fourth time is after the jointing. The depth of the cultivator is generally 3 10 cm. The specific operation measures are ploughing (ploughing) and hoeing (shoveling).

The hoeing is usually operated manually, and the plowing is carried out with the help of animal or mechanical force, and the efficiency of the machine leading the cultivator is higher. The role of soil cultivation is mainly to prevent lodging and facilitate drainage and irrigation, and it also has the effect of promoting the growth of roots and tubers for root and tuber forage crops. Soil cultivation is generally the use of walled ploughs.

Cultivating and cultivating soil is labor-intensive and energy-intensive, and with the popularization of no-tillage and mulching technology, this field management measure is gradually being replaced.

The timing and frequency of tillage varies depending on crop species, seedling condition, weeds, and soil conditions. Generally, dryland crops are carried out at the seedling stage and before the canopy closure, and rice is carried out at the tillering stage. A crop is cultivated about 3 to 4 times.

If the crop growth period is long, the closure is late, there are many weeds in the field, and the soil is heavy, the number of tillage can be increased to keep the ground loose and free of weeds. During the growth period of crops, the principle of shallow-deep-shallow should be mastered in the depth of cultivation. That is, the seedling stage of crops should be shallow, so as not to hurt the roots; The middle growth stage should be deepened to promote root development; In the late growth stage, the crop should be shallow before the closure, and the main thing is broken and compacted.