Urgent Request for Bridge Design Abstract English Translation 20

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everybody desires for success. but few made it, why?

in my vew, the process to be succeed is so hard that most of them may quit. so the perseverance is necessary for one's success. and if you want to be a winner, you should also be capable.

that is to say you should work very hard to make a forbid foundation.

as it all known, no pains, no gains. learn to make your sweat be the sidestep to success.

Everyone is hungry for successBut very little is done, why?

In my vew process to be able to succeed, it was so hard that most people probably quitSo perseverance for their own successis necessary, and if you want to be a winner, you should also be capable

That said, you should work very hard to make a forbidden basis.

When it's all known, don't work for gainsTo be able to learn your own sweat is to avoid success.

The Normandy Bridge guards the mudflats on the Seine in northern France and looks like a giant spider's web of steel cables jutting out of concrete pylons. (Pont de Normandie), the cable-stayed bridge (1995) was one of the most spectacular bridges of its kind in the world. It is a new bridge that was only opened in January 1995 and connects the upper towns of Honfleur and Le Havre.

It is a steel cable load-bearing bridge, much like a suspension bridge like the Golden Gate Bridge, but the steel cables that support the bridge are connected directly from the pylons to the bridge body. The bridge consists of 33 sections. The middle part is finally embedded in the bridge and lifted from the bottom to the top.

The weight of the bridge is supported by 2,000 kilometers of steel ropes. The two concrete pylons are 215 meters high and stand on the plinths of a 20-storey building. The ** span of the Normandy Bridge is 856, but this does not include approach bridges near the ends of the bridge.

The total length of the bridge is 2200 meters. The Normandy Bridge plans to shorten the time it takes to drive across northern France. It is estimated that 6,000 cars pass through the bridge every day.

100 years ago, the French painter Claude. Monet once painted the site of the Normandy Bridge. Not only did this make the place famous, but it also caused controversy due to Monet's use of a completely new style of painting known as Impressionism.

Now the scenery of this place has been completely changed by the new bridge.

Bridge design life is typically set at 100 years. In this life, bridges must comply with certain basic requirements that refer to structural resistance, suitability and durability, and meet through proper design, production, execution, and use. With regard to design, this is based on the fact that the ultimate limit state of thought (SLSS) in final and normal use has been proven to be a continuous, ephemeral, contingent design.

The ultimate limit state (ULSS) is related to human safety and structure.

For composite bridges refer to.

Equation: The static losses of the structure or components are equalized, treat them as a rigid body, hold the uplift to design the bearing anchor or verify the continuous.

Bridge str: collapse or excessive deformation of the superstructure or its members to destroy more specifically, cross-section resistance and connections.

Member stability.

Shear forces connect to resistance.

Fat: causes fatigue failure.

Geography: failure or excessive deformation of foundations and foundations.