What are the general principles of slope design?

1. There is a close relationship between the slope project and the environment, and the improper treatment of the slope will destroy the environment and destroy the ecological balance.

2. In the mountainous area, it is necessary to avoid large-scale excavation and filling, and some construction projects, regardless of environmental factors, engage in artificial plains, and finally large-scale landslides, a large amount of investment will be destroyed, and the ecological environment will be destroyed. It should be advocated to be in the position of the mountain.

3. Engineering geological survey is an indispensable capital construction procedure. The influence of slope engineering is wide, and improper treatment can cause geological disasters, and engineering geological survey is particularly important. The survey work can not be limited to the red line range, the survey area must be expanded, generally at the top of the slope survey range, should reach the slope height l times 2 times, in order to obtain more complete geological data.

For tall slopes, special studies should be carried out, and feasibility plans should be put forward before they can be implemented.

4. The drainage design of the slope retaining structure is a very important part of the design of the retaining structure, and the failure of many retaining structures is related to poor drainage. According to statistics from Chongqing, more than 80% of accidents are caused by poor drainage of collapsed supporting structures.

The slope design should comply with the following principles:

1. The slope design should protect and remediate the slope environment, the slope water system should be guided according to the situation, and drainage facilities should be set up.

2. The layout of the building should be in place according to the mountain to prevent large excavation and filling. When the site is leveled, the construction sequence and working methods that ensure the safety of the surrounding buildings should be adopted. The new slope that appears due to the leveling of the site should be supported or structural protection in time.

3. Before the design of the slope project, a detailed engineering geological survey should be carried out, and the stability of the slope should be accurately evaluated; Hazards to the surrounding environment**; The structural plane of the rock slope is investigated clearly, and the location of the main structural plane is pointed out; Provide all the parameters required for slope design.

4. The retaining structure of the slope should be designed for drainage. For the retaining structure that can drain water to the slope outward, drainage hole should be provided on the retaining structure. Drainage holes should be arranged along the horizontal and vertical directions, and their spacing should be taken 2 3m, and the slope outside the drainage hole should be 5, and the size of the hole should not be less than 100mm.

The water filtration layer should be done behind the retaining structure, and the drainage ditch should be made if necessary. When there is a hillside behind the retaining structure, a water interception ditch should be set at the foot of the slope. For slopes that cannot drain water to the slope, a drainage culvert should be set behind the retaining structure.

5. The filler behind the retaining structure should be selected with strong permeability. When using cohesive soil as filler, it is advisable to mix with an appropriate amount of gravel. In the seasonal frozen soil area, non-frost heave fillers such as slag, crushed stone, and coarse sand should be selected.

What are you asking about the slope of the slope?What is the slope and slope?

Slope refers to the excavation surface of the road or channel that is excavated into a certain inclination during construction, and some have cement or block stone or stone protection surface, and the inclination angle of the excavation surface or protection surface to the horizontal plane is tangent.

It is called slope slope, that is, it is usually expressed by a ratio, such as a slope of 1:2, which means that the horizontal distance is 2 meters, and the height difference is 1 meter.

There is also a slope that is the slope of the pavement or the bottom of the canal along the longitudinal descent, which is expressed by the sinusoidal sina of the inclination of the pavement or the bottom of the canal to the horizontal plane, and when the inclination angle is small, it is replaced by the tangent of the inclination a.

<> slope refers to the slope with a certain slope made on both sides of the roadbed in order to ensure the stability of the roadbed.

First, the basic category of slope:

1. Classification according to genesis: it can be divided into artificial slope and natural slope;

2. Classification according to stratum lithology: it can be divided into soil slope and rock slope.

A: According to the rock layer structure, it is divided into: 1 layered structure slope, 2 block structure slopes, and 3 network structure slopes

B: According to the relationship between rock stratigraphic tendency and slope direction, it is divided into: 1 forward slope, 2 reverse slope, and 3 vertical slope.

3. Classification according to service life: it can be divided into permanent slope and temporary slope.

Second, the influence factors of the slope:

1. Internal factors:

Stratigraphy and lithology.

Geological structure and in-situ stresses.

Rock mass structure. 2. External factors:

a.Hydrostatic pressure and buoyancy.

b.Hydrodynamic pressure (or osmotic force).

c.The physical and chemical damage of water to the rock mass of the brigade slope.

d.The presence of groundwater and the level of water.

e.The flow of groundwater and the permeability of faults.

Characteristics of the upper and lower slopes of the engineering slope: due to the long interval between the completion of the excavation and the completion of the tunnel door and the permanent protection in place, combined with the rainy climate characteristics of our province, in order to prevent surface water from seeping into the excavation surface.

First of all, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of road landslides. Highway slope landslides are mainly in the plane form, and they all have certain geometric shapes, such as oval and triangular.

Dustpans and other geometric or irregular shapes. Most of the slide direction is perpendicular or nearly vertical to the route direction, and a few sliding directions are oblique to the highway route direction, and the size of the highway also directly affects the scale of the landslide.

Plastering and pounding

For a variety of soft rock layers that are easily weathered (such as argillaceous sandstone, shale, phyllite.

argillaceous slate, etc.), when the weathering of the rock formation is not very severe.

The slope to be protected must be stable in itself, but its slope shape, steepness and smoothness are not limited.

The slope to be protected must be a dry, groundwater-free rock slope.

When it comes to slope engineering specifications, relevant construction people are still relatively unfamiliar, what are the slope specifications? What is mandatory in the Slope Engineering Code? The following is the basic content of the relevant slope engineering specifications for builders, which are as follows:

Through the combing of relevant data, the main slope specifications mainly include: building slope engineering technical specifications, slope treatment design specifications, slope engineering survey specifications, slope design specifications and other related technical specifications

The first is the design service life of the building slope project

The design service life of the building slope project should not be less than the design service life of the protected building (structure).

Description: the service life of the slope refers to the life of the supporting structure of the slope engineering can play the normal support function, the design life of the slope engineering is 2 years for the temporary slope, and the permanent slope is designed for 50 years, when the building protected by the slope support structure (slope top collapse slide area, slope collapse area) is temporary or permanent, the design service life of the support structure should not be less than the appeal value.

1. Calculation of compressive, bending, shear and local compressive bearing capacity of supporting structure and its foundation; Calculation of foundation bearing capacity of supporting structure foundation;

2. Calculation of the uplift bearing capacity of the anchor solid and the tensile bearing capacity of the anchor rod body;

3. Stability check of supporting structure.

Description: The content listed in paragraph 1 and 3 of this article is the basic requirement for the calculation of bearing capacity and stability of the supporting structure, the specific content of the slope engineering to meet the ultimate state of the bearing capacity, and the important guarantee for the safety of the supporting structure; Therefore, this article is a mandatory provision, and the content of the appeal should be carefully calculated during the design to meet the requirements of the code to ensure the safety of the project.

Speaking of slope design requirements? At this stage, what are the requirements for slope design in a reasonable slope design requirements? What's the basics? The following is the relevant content of Zhongda Consulting's combing slope design requirements, and the basic situation is as follows:

In order to help the personnel of construction enterprises understand the slope design requirements, Zhongda Consulting Pure Rock Inquiry combed the architectural encyclopedia in the architectural knowledge column, and the main contents are as follows:

Slope refers to the slope with a certain slope made on both sides of the roadbed in order to ensure the stability of the roadbed.

1. The hydrology, geological conditions, geotechnical engineering characteristics and surrounding environment (roads, pipelines, buildings) within the site are the primary contents that need to be understood and analyzed in detail in the slope design;

2. The slope design scheme must ensure the safety of the supporting structure, and ensure the safety of the building foundation around the slope and the ground pipelines and municipal roads that have been constructed and used;

3. Under the premise of safety, the support scheme is economical and reasonable, and meets the relevant laws, regulations and norms of national construction projects;

4. The supporting structure can ensure the smooth progress of slope excavation, meet the later construction of a certain area, and meet the slope top after the formation of the slope can bear a certain amount of load;

5. The design must consider the adverse effects of the rainy season and typhoon season on the stability of the slope during the rainy season and typhoon season.

The basic basis of slope design:

1. Technical Code for Building Slope Engineering (GB50330-2002);

2. Technical Code for Building Deep Foundation Pit Support in Shenzhen (SJG05-96);

3. Technical Regulations for Building Foundation Pit Support (JGJ120-99);