The difference between mechanical determinism and dialectical determinism is

The knowledge tested in this question is mechanical determinism.

and dialectical determinism. In this question, you must first understand the definitions and perspectives of determinism and indeterminism, mechanical determinism and dialectical determinism, and then you can distinguish between mechanical determinism and dialectical determinism and find the right option. The difference between determinism and non-determinism is whether or not it acknowledges the regularity, inevitability, and objective universality of the causal connection of the development of things.

Determinism acknowledges the regularity, necessity, and objective universality of the causal connection of the development of things, while non-determinism denies these properties. Determinism is further divided into mechanical determinism and dialectical determinism. The difference between the two is "whether or not to recognize the agency of consciousness."

(b), "whether to recognize contingency" ((c), "whether to recognize the complexity of causal connection" (d).

Issue. The difference between mechanical determinism and dialectical determinism is, in essence, mechanical materialism.

and the difference between dialectical materialism. Of the four options given in the question, item A is the difference between determinism and non-determinism, which does not meet the intent of the question and should be excluded. Therefore, B, C, and D are selected.

Determinism is a philosophical theory about the causality, necessity and regularity of things, and occupies an important position in the system of philosophical theories.

According to the different factors that determine the historical development of society, historical determinism is divided into four categories: theological teleology, idealism, mechanistic and historical determinism of historical materialism.

Theological teleological determinism of historical determinism reduces causal connections in social history to pre-arranged outcomes of God, Providence, or Providence hidden in the dark, and the course and outcome of history are determined entirely by this mysteriousness.

This view, on the surface, God or God is the cause of all things, in fact, fundamentally denies that things have their own cause and effect and laws, so in essence, it belongs to the historical determinism of idealism, which is a kind of indeterminism.

Idealistic historical determinism acknowledges the inevitability and regularity of social and historical development, but does not recognize the objective reality of social historical movements.

It always regards spiritual things as the decisive factor in the development and change of society, and as the cause and main driving force of the historical process.

Mechanical determinism is to take matter and its mechanical motion as the decisive factor, and simply extend Laplace's dynamic determinism from nature directly to the field of social history.

Mechanical determinism applies only to macroscopic objects, while the study of the microscopic realm and the abundance of contingent phenomena in the objective world gives rise to statistical determinism.

Statistical laws that apply probabilistic and statistical methods to study do not constitute a negation of objective laws, and therefore do not constitute a negation of determinism.

In essence, it is dialectical determinism that acknowledges that contingency and necessity are both opposites and unified.

Historical determinism of historical materialism regards economic factors as the factors that determine the direction of social and historical development.

First of all, determinism is a theoretical doctrine that holds that objective laws and causal connections exist in nature and human society.

The determinism of materialist epistemology holds that matter determines consciousness, and consciousness reacts on matter. The determinism of the materialist view of history holds that social existence determines social consciousness, and social consciousness reacts on social existence; The economic base determines the superstructure.

Idealistic determinism is the other way around. Mechanical determinism is to take matter and its mechanical motion as the decisive factor, and simply extend and apply dynamic determinism directly from nature to the field of social history. For example, if you think that man is a machine and that the consciousness and practice generated in it can be explained by mechanical principles, it is mechanical determinism.

This is mainly a theory that gradually emerged after the emergence of Newtonian mechanics.

The problem of mechanical determinism is to absolutize objective regularity and inevitability. Thus ignoring subjective initiative and contingency.

It's like what you dream about at night and what you'll do tomorrow. Although there is a certain connection to your present and past, it is by no means certain and will be variable.

The Buddha said: All laws are impermanent.

There is only one thing in the world, whether there is only one inevitable result or the possibility of multiple outcomes, in the end, only one outcome will be produced, and there will not be multiple outcomes at the same time. In this sense, there is no difference whether there is contingency or not.

The problem with mechanistic determinism is that if the known conditions for a problem are not fully grasped, then no results can be deduced, and in reality most of the time it is impossible to grasp all the conditions of a problem. In addition, any part of the machinery is equally important, ** failure, the machinery can not operate normally, according to this line of thinking to analyze and solve the problem, it will lead to the primary and secondary.

Mechanistic determinism is not entirely a priori. Transcendental theory only sees and only acknowledges the role of the experience of predecessors, ignores the great active role of man in transforming nature, denies that man can constantly understand and make use of the objective laws of nature and the infinite development of man's understanding in his practical activities, holds that experience determines everything, and advocates doing things based on experience. The most important characteristic of mechanistic determinism is that it looks at problems and things one-sidedly, denies that things are universally related and widely developed, and fails to see the mutual agency between things.

The similarity between the two lies in ignoring the universal connection of things, looking at the problem in isolation, and exaggerating certain aspects of the connection. The difference lies in the difference in the scope described by the two. Transcendentalism can be mechanistic determinism, but mechanistic determinism is not necessarily transcendentalism.

Connection: 1. On the understanding of matter. Both acknowledge that matter determines consciousness.

Differences: 1. Differences in attitudes towards things.

Mechanical materialism interprets the world from an isolated, static, and one-sided point of view, and fails to see the universal connection and change and development between things and phenomena in the world.

Determinism, on the other hand, is concerned with a series of events that occur one after the other, either dynamically or interacting with each other to produce a corollary.

2. Look at material differences.

Mechanical materialism has the incompleteness of materialism, which is manifested in the materialist view of nature and idealism in the view of social history.

Determinism is thorough materialism, emphasizing that there must be cause and effect.

Now there is a saying that thinking is not a chemical reaction, but a quantum reaction, and thinking is a set reaction of quantum entanglement, which can explain the probabilistic nature of thinking, as well as the inconceivability of thinking. Because quantum theory itself is incredible, this coincides with the incredibleness of thinking, hehe. Of course, this requires proving that thinking is not material, but energy, which is quite simple, when a person dies, the mind is gone, and it cannot be restarted.

Determinism is based on conditions, that is, you can only arrive at a certain result if you know all the conditions you need.

It's like if you do a proof problem, you go through the conditions in the problem and slowly come up with the answer according to various theorems, but what if you remove one condition? Then obviously, you won't be able to come up with the answers you want.

Now, too, you can learn about the uncertainty principle, or the uncertainty principle. This theory is one of the cornerstones of quantum mechanics. To put it simply, there are situations where you can't measure what you need.

For example, a tube is 1m long, but based on this theory, you can't measure the tube length of 1m for some reason, that is, you have lacked the conditions, so you can't continue to prove.