What does it mean to be in groups? Is the group study dialect classical Chinese or vernacular?

The Words of Group Studies is one of the sociological masterpieces translated by Yan Fu. Originally from the book "Sociological Research" written by a British sociologist. Yan Fu began translating in 1897.

The book is divided into 16 chapters: Foolishness, Advocacy, Metaphor, Knowing Difficulties, Concealment, Wisdom, Feelings, Learning, National Restraint, Exile, Political Confusion, Teaching, Nature, Constitution, Description, and Chapters. The two chapters "Tou Yu" and "Advocacy of Learning" expound that social research must have a special discipline and can become a scientific viewpoint and reason, while "Yushu" summarizes the main meaning of sociology, proposing that it is composed of individuals, and sociology explores the laws of the relationship between individuals and society.

The content of sociology is to explain the various phenomena of society and their causes. He believes that the causal relationship of social phenomena is governed by the laws of natural evolution. Society, like biological organisms, is constantly evolving, and the laws of biology can be applied to sociology.

"Knowing the Difficulty" describes the difficulties of governing society, one is the difficulty of things, the second is the difficulty of the heart, and the third is the difficulty of treating the heart and things. According to the author, this chapter is the focal point of the book. The following chapters of "Shelter of Things" deal with the objective and subjective difficulties in social research, that is, "the difficulty of things" and "the difficulty of the heart".

He believed that people's ideological concepts were influenced by "the country they were born in, the stream of their work, the government they were subjected to, and the education they received", and put forward relevant methods for curing difficulties and solving doubts. The translation and publication of Qunxue has played an important role in promoting the dissemination of sociology in China.

Spencer, England.

's "Group Learning" was severely refuted.

The original title of the book, translated as "The Words of Group Studies", was "Sociological Research Method". The book was published in 1903. In "Translating Yu Yu Yu", Yan Fu talked about the origin of his translation of this book as follows: "I thought that his book was both "University" and "The Mean."

Essence and righteousness, and out of the detailed, to the grid to sincerity is the foundation of peace. Every righteousness will be held without a difference, especially in the two scholars of the old and new in modern times, especially the medicine for diseases. What is the group study?

Use the laws of science to investigate the changes of the people, to understand the past, and to measure the future. What's the matter? The purpose of the specialty, the application of the function, and the way to show it. ”

Group learning.

It's a bookYan FuThe title of the translated book. The content of the article is in classical Chinese.

Yan Fu translated Spencer's Sociological Studies in 1897 and named it "Qunxue Xuanyan".

Translation of the preface to the group study.

What is the group study? With the laws of science. Investigate the changes of the people.

Knowing the past test is also coming. What's the matter? The purpose of the specialty.

Investigate the use of what is done. And show it to be the cure. Therefore, there is a science and a subject.

Now the master is learning. It's just a reputation for fishing for profit. It will be solid in Zhengde, and the use of the three karma of health and welfare will have a combination.

Group of scholars. It will be due to the rise and fall of the Meiji Rebellion. And in the matter of the three, it is up to its own ears.

Spencer. Yingzhi Seniors also. The power of the year is the mystery of the heavenly performance.

And the reason for this is explained to the people. Gai's book will pass through philosophy. He was seventy or eighty years old.

Translator - Yan Fu.