How is apple rust caused and how can it be prevented?

<> rust is a cork of cells that aggregate together on the surface of the peel. In the process of fruit growth, due to the delicate epidermis, in case of wind and sand weather, friction with branches and leaves, or improper management of water and fertilizer, bacteria, viruses or other microorganisms are infected at the crack of the epidermis of the fruit, and the epidermal cells produce anti-stress repair reactions, and the thick wall cells aggregate and embolize to resist the invasion of foreign pathogens and form fruit rust. The use of Na Xia San can better protect the fruit cracks from bacteria and viruses, and make the fruit surface brighter;

It is because there is no scientific and reasonable fertilization caused by pests and diseases, you should use plant-specific insecticides, evenly sprayed on the leaves of plants, and should not be watered during the use of medicine.

1. Balanced fertilization and avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer; Pay attention to supplementing medium and trace elements to enhance the stress resistance of the fruit and enhance the disease resistance.

2. Cultivation management, reasonable pruning or thinning, solve the problem of canopy closure in the orchard, and enhance ventilation and light transmittance. Prevent low temperature and frost damage at the flowering stage, prevent dry weather at the young fruit stage, and replenish the water of the tree in time. Try to choose high-quality fruit bags, wait for the fruit surface liquid to dry fully before bagging, without dew and rain, the bag mouth must be tightened.

Reasonable load. Build a garden away from polluted areas. Avoid damage to the fruit surface during manual operation.

How is apple rust formed? How can it be prevented?

1) The selection of disease-free scion and rootstock is the main measure to prevent and control this disease. Because seeds do not transmit the virus, propagating rootstocks with seeds can basically solve the problem of disease-free rootstocks. Use seedlings as rootstocks, and it is strictly forbidden to take sprouting tillers from diseased trees to avoid mistransmission of diseased rootstocks.

2) Pull out the diseased seedlings and cut down the diseased trees.

3) When building an orchard, avoid mixing with pear trees.

4) High grafting. In orchards with more diseased trees, diseased plants can be used to develop disease-resistant varieties, such as Huangkui, Jinguan, Red Fuji, etc.

From the beginning of the apple leaf development period, spray the fungicide every 10-15 days, and spray it 2-3 times in a rowto protect the leaves from rust fungus infection; Or spray 1 fungicide before a wide range of precipitation to prevent rust bacteria from infecting during rainfall.

Spraying**: In April-May, if there is rain of more than 5 mm and lasting more than 12 hours, spray systemic fungicide within 5 days after the rainfall; Extensive germination of winter spore angles, i.e., spraying systemic fungicides within 5 days after flowering of cypress; At the beginning of the onset of the apple leaves, that is, when a red spot the size of a pinpoint appears, an systemic fungicide is sprayed immediately.

Special agents for the prevention and control of apple rust: the commonly used protective agents are mainly agents with mancozeb as the active ingredient; Commonly used systemic fungicides include flusilazole, 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules 2500 times, etc.

Epidemic Rules:

The epidemic of apple rust is closely related to the climate in early spring, and frequent rainfall and high temperatures are prone to induce the epidemic of the disease. On the contrary, the spring is dry, with more rainfall and cooler temperatures.

Fruit rust must spend the winter on the host host trees such as juniper, tabber, juniper, juniper, juniper, juniper, etc., in order to complete the infection cycle, if there are no such hosts near apples, begonia orchards or seedling orchards, the disease will not occur.

If there is a large number of overwintering pathogens in the host of overwintering, the disease will be more serious in the following year. From April to May, after the leaves bloom, if it is rainy and rainy, and the precipitation reaches more than 50 mm, it is conducive to the spread and infection of pathogens.

Apple rust is also known as red star disease. It often causes apple trees to lose leaves, drop fruits and break young branches. Because the disease is a transfector parasitic disease, the disease is more severe only in areas where the transfector host exists.

1) SymptomsApple rust can damage green tender tissues such as young leaves, petioles, new shoots, young fruits, and fruit stalks. The leaf is diseased, and it begins to produce oily orange-red dots on the front of the leaf, and then expands, the middle of the lesion is darker, the periphery is lighter, and many small orange-yellow particles (sporozoites) are formed in the ** part, and when the weather is humid, light yellow mucus is secreted from it. Later, the spore apparatus gradually turned black, the front of the lesion was concave, the mesophyll of the diseased part was hard, the back of the leaf lesion was raised, and a cluster of yellow-brown hairy rust sporozoa with a large number of rust spores was grown.

Petioles, fruit stalks, and shoots are diseased, and the diseased parts are orange-yellow, bulging into a spindle-shaped, and forming sporophytes and rusty sporophytes on them. The disease spots in the late stage on the young branches are sunken, cracked, and easy to break; Young fruits are mostly diseased near calyx depressions, forming orange-yellow round spots with a size of about 1 cm, which turn brown in the later stage, ** produce sexual spore organs, and hairy rusty spore organs grow around.

In July and August, the spores formed on the apple tree began to infect the juniper, and at first there were yellowish lesions on the needles, leaf axils or twigs, and then the diseased part was slightly swollen, and even formed a spherical gall with a diameter of 3 5 mm. In the spring of the following year, the germs break through the host epidermis, revealing reddish-brown, conical or flattened wedge-shaped horns that undulate like a cockscomb. At this time, the swelling of the affected part is more pronounced, and even the branches can form a near-spherical structure, and the largest can be up to 15 mm in diameter.

After rain, the horns absorb water and swell, becoming orange-yellow gelatinous lumps, like flowers. (2) Pathogenesis of apple rust is a kind of trans-host parasite, the main host is mainly juniper, and the others include juniper, dragon cypress, high tower cypress, column cypress, green cypress, Greek juniper, dwarf juniper, etc. The pathogen overwinters in the gall on the twigs of the host host and mycelium.

In the spring of the following year, the winter spore angle is formed, and then when the air is humid, the winter spore angle absorbs water and expands, germinates and produces a large number of basidiospores, which spread to the apple tree with wind and rain, infecting the apple leaves, petioles and young fruits, forming spores and rust spores on the lesions, and then spreading to the juniper with the wind after the rust spores are ripe, invading the branches of the juniper. The occurrence of diseases is greatly affected by the climate. Apples are warm, rainy and windy from budding to young fruit, and diseases are prone to occur and epidemic.

3) Prevention and control methods: Eliminate the source of bacteria.

Completely eradicate the cypress and other main hosts near the orchard, if it cannot be eradicated, the diseased branches on it should be cut off in winter, burned intensively, and sprayed 2 3 Baumé stone sulfur mixture 1 2 times when the fruit tree buds germinate to the young fruit stage. Within 5 km of the periphery of the new orchard, do not plant juniper-type host trees. Pharmaceutical prevention and control.

After the apple tree sprouts to the young fruit, spray fungicide 1 2 times to prevent the invasion of germs. The better agent is 1 2 200 times Bordeaux liquid, or 15% powder rust rather wettable powder 1000 1500 times liquid, or 70% methyl tobuzin 800 1000 times liquid, or 40% Fuxing emulsifiable concentrate 8000 times liquid, etc.

1.Eliminate and reduce the source of bacteria.

Prevention and control of rust parasitic diseases, such as the configuration of landscape plants in new parks, the ornamental plants and the main plants should be strictly isolated, such as begonias, apples, pears and other rusts and cypress trees should be separated by 5 kilometers; Rhododendron and spruce, hemlock, aster, etc. cannot be mixed with two-needle pine, three-needle pine, etc. If it has been mixed, it is better to completely remove the parasitic disease, and if it is difficult to remove, the prevention and control of the parasitic disease should be strengthened. Prophylaxis is applied when the spores will scatter.

In order to reduce the spread of spores, the transmitted plants are planted upwind of the disease-transmitting plants to reduce the onset of the disease. To prevent and control single-main parasitic rust, from late autumn to early spring of the following year or during the dormant period of plants, thoroughly clean the plant residues of fallen leaves, fallen fruits and dead branches and other diseases and insects in the garden, and often remove diseased branches and leaves in the growing season for centralized treatment, which can reduce the source of bacteria.

2.Strengthen conservation management.

Improve the plant growth environment, improve disease resistance, choose a suitable lot before building a garden, do a good job in soil improvement, increase soil permeability, improve land fertility, strictly prohibit the use of diseased and insect branches as cuttings, scion and other vegetative propagation materials, and strictly remove pathogens; Control the planting density, not too dense; Timely removal of stagnant water; Scientific fertilization, more decomposed organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, not partial nitrogen fertilizer; Prune and prune frequently, remove disease, insects and weak branches, and make the garden well ventilated and transmitted; Facility cultivation should strengthen ventilation and reduce the humidity in the shed.

3. Pharmaceutical prevention and control.

In the early stage of lawn, flowers and other seedlings, dilute 1000-1500 times of foliar spray with Lezhuantian in time, with an interval of 15-20 days each time, and spray 2-3 times in a row, the best effect.

It is recommended to spray a 200 times liquid high-lipid film (emulsion) once in about 20 days from the beginning of flowering, and the effective rate of rust control of various fruit trees is about 80% to 90%.

With a film-free bag, the occurrence of rust can be reduced.

Summary. Hello, the specific method is as follows, you can refer to it, the selection of non-toxic seedlings is strictly forbidden to take scion from diseased trees, avoid raising seedlings near the old orchard, establish disease-free nurseries, and take scion from virus-free seedlings. 2.

The use of disease-resistant varieties with high grafting and replacement, such as Jinguan, Huangkui, Huanglong, etc., are all excellent disease-resistant varieties. 3.Timely uprooting, found diseased seedlings in time to pull out in time, burned.

In apple orchards, diseased trees should also be inspected frequently and dug up in time to prevent spread. 4.Do not plant pear trees within 250m of the apple orchard and do not raise apple seedlings in the pear orchard to prevent the spread of rust and fruit disease.

5.For the prevention and control of pesticides, spray fruit surface with 600 times of 70 propylene zinc or 200 times of fuluboron solution, spray 1 time a week from early July, a total of 3 sprays. Or peel the diseased fruit trees ringly, stick *mycin, tetracycline and other absorbent cotton bales at the ring peeling place, and wrap them in plastic film externally, and the control effect can be seen in the second year.

How to prevent apple rust disease.

Hello, the specific method is as follows, you can refer to it, the selection of non-toxic seedlings is strictly forbidden to take scion from diseased trees, avoid raising seedlings near the old orchard, establish disease-free nurseries, and take scion from virus-free seedlings. 2.The use of disease-resistant varieties with high grafting and replacement, such as Jinguan, Huangkui, Huanglong, etc., are all excellent disease-resistant varieties.

3.and when the wide imperial time is removed, the diseased seedlings are found to be pulled out in time and burned. In apple orchards, diseased trees should also be inspected frequently and dug up in time to prevent spread.

4.Avoid planting pear trees within 250m of the apple orchard and do not raise apple seedlings in the pear orchard to prevent the spread of rust and fruit disease. 5.

For the prevention and control of pesticides, spray fruit surface with 600 times of 70 propylene zinc or 200 times of fuluboron solution, spray 1 time a week from early July, a total of 3 sprays. Or peel the diseased fruit trees ringly, glue *mycin, tetracycline and other absorbent cotton bales at the ring peeling place, wrap them in plastic film externally, and see the control effect in the second year.

Rust is a disease that is often encountered in the process of apple planting or stool lead, after the apple is infected, most of the rust spots and even cracks are formed, which affects the yield and reduces the value of the commodity. Moreover, its disease name is similar to that of rusty shirts, which is easy to confuse.

Sihuai Su is used by humans or animals.

Hello, at present, the four Huaisu are all used by animals, and there are no human uses.

If you want to drink, you can drink less.

Is it easy for you to type?

Speech is inaudible.

Is it easy for you to type?

What is Fuluboron?

It is a high-quality foliar boron spray.

It is a high-quality foliar boron spray.

Why can't I reply?

Summary. Hello, I'm Ze Lingzi, I have seen your question and am inquiring for you, please wait

Hello, I am Ze Lingzi, I have seen your question and am inquiring for you, please wait a moment Queriing for you.

Buy a cleaning solution to wash. Note: Turn off the machine before brushing. 1.

Prepare cleaning fluid, brushes, paper towels. 2.Use the lid opener to open the outer lid of the apple.

3.Take out the prepared cleaning liquid, brushes, and paper towels and hold them up, dip them in water with the cleaning liquid, and use a brush to brush the rusty edges of the mobile phone, with light force and not scratching the outer cover. 4.

Use a clean paper towel to clean the corners of your phone.