The Book of Shang cited in the pre Qin classics and the Book of Shang of the classics of Chinese

Shangshu is the book of antiquity, which is the earliest surviving compilation of ancient historical documents in China. During the Warring States Period, it was generally called "Shu", and in the Han Dynasty, it was renamed "Shangshu", that is, "the Book of Antiquity". Because it is one of the five classics of Confucianism, it is also known as the Book of Books.

Its content is divided into "Book of Yu", "Book of Xia", "Book of Shang", and "Book of Zhou". The authenticity of the extant version is mixed. It is generally believed that the sixteen chapters of the "Pastoral Oath" to the "Lü Xing" in the "Book of Zhou" in the "Jinwen Shangshu" are the real historical materials of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the "Orders of Wenhou", "Fei Oath" and "Qin Oath" are the historical materials of the Spring and Autumn Period, and the earlier "Yaodian", "Gao Taomo" and "Yugong" are the ancient historical materials compiled by the Warring States period.

The present "Ancient Wen Shangshu" is generally believed to be a forgery of Mei Zhen in the Jin Dynasty, but there are also controversies. "Shang" means "Shang", and "Shangshu" means the book of antiquity. According to legend, it was compiled and selected by Confucius, and some of the biographies were retrospectively supplemented by later generations, such as "Yaodian", "Gao Taomo", "Yugong" and so on.

At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, there were 28 articles, which were written in the popular script at that time, that is, "Jinwen Shangshu". In addition, it is said that the "Ancient Texts and Books" found in the wall of Kongqiu's house during the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has been lost. The Eastern Jin Dynasty Mei Zhen (a Mei Yi, Mei Yi) and forged the "Ancient Wen Shangshu".

Later, in "The Thirteen Classics".'The popular version, that is, the co-compilation of the "Jinwen Shangshu" and Mei's pseudo-book, the Song people began to suspect Mei's forgery, and the Qing Dynasty gradually became a foregone conclusion. The contents of this article include some important historical materials of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, such as the Pangeng (which reflects the slave society of the Shang Dynasty) and the Yu Gong which describes the geography of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River during the Warring States Period.

The table of contents of the Book of Shang is as follows.

Yushu, Yaodian, Shundian, Dayu Mo, Gao Taomo, Yiji.

Xia Shu, Yu Gong, Willing Oath, Song of the Five Sons, Yinzheng.

Shangshu, Tang Oath, Zhong Yu's Message, Tang He, Yixun, Taijiashang, Taijiazhong, Taijiaxia, Xianyoude, Pangengshang, Pangengzhong, Pangengxia, Say Fate, Say Fate, Say Fate, Gaozong Weiri, Xibo Jili, Weizi.

Zhou Shu, Tai Oath, Zhou Shu, Pastoral Oath, Wu Cheng, Hong Fan, Traveling Mastiff Zhou Shu, Jin Teng, Da He, Wei Zizi's Life, Kang He, Jiu He, Zicai, Zhao Hui, Luo He, Toast, Wuyi, Jun Zheng, Cai Zhong's Life, Duo Fang, Lizheng, Zhou Guan, Jun Chen, Gu Ming, Kang Wang's Message, Bi Ming Zhou Shu, Jun Ya, Jian Ming, Lu Xing, Wen Hou's Life, Fei Oath, Qin Oath.

1. "Shangshu".

It is the oldest collection of imperial documents in China, the first ancient historical document in China and a compilation of some works that trace the deeds of the ancient leaky cover dynasty, and it preserves some important historical materials of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, especially the early Western Zhou Dynasty. The Book of Shang is said to have been compiled by Confucius, but some of the titles were later added by Confucianism. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, there were 29 articles, which were copied in the official script of the Han Dynasty, and were called "Jinwen Shangshu".

There is also a legend that the "Ancient Texts and Books" found in the wall of Confucius's residence during the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. <

Second, the sons of the pre-Qin Dynasty.

Refers to the thinkers of the pre-Qin period. "Pre-Qin" generally refers to the period before Qin Shi Huang burned books, and is known as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The main academic ideas in our country originated in this period.

Zi was the honorific title for people at that time, and later it was called "Zi" for wholehearted writings. Now it specifically refers to Laozi, Zhuangzi, Mozi, Mencius, Xunzi and other figures. The hundred schools of thought generally refer to academic schools such as Taoism, Moism, Mingjia, Legalism, Bingjia, and Zonghengjia.

Later, about 10 schools developed into schools. Zhuzi Baijia is the general name of the pre-Qin academic thought figures and factions in later generations, among which Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism are the most accomplished, legendary and controversial. The representatives of the soldiers are Sun Bin, and the representatives of the Zongheng family are Su Qin, Zhang Yi and the ancestor Guiguzi.

3. What are the implications?

The Book of Shang is a sign that ancient Chinese prose has been formed. According to the records of "Zuo Chuan" and other books, before "Shangshu", there were "Three Tombs", "Eight Suo", and "Nine Hills", but none of these books have been handed down, and "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles" has disappeared. The prose of the pre-Qin period should begin with the Book of Shang.

Shuchai takes the Chinese chapter, the structure is gradually becoming complete, there is a certain level, and attention has been paid to the effort in the fate plot. Later, the revival of prose in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was the inheritance and development of it. After the Qin and Han dynasties, the edicts, edicts, and chapters of various dynasties were obviously influenced by it.

The book was compiled by Confucius, but there is no historical record, so it is just a speculation and has no basis.

It is likely to be Confucius, but the historical sources are not definitive, as this work was found in the residence of Confucius.

It's Confucius, this book is very famous in history, and it is divided into several parts, which is very interesting for research.

It is not clear who its author was, but some say that it was Confucius, and most of it was written by Confucius.