What is economic analysis and what is macroeconomic analysis and what does it include

Economic analysis: master the basic concepts of technology and economy, the basic principles of time value of funds, the basic methods of technical and economic analysis and evaluation, cultivate the reader's ability to systematically analyze problems, evaluate the economic feasibility of various engineering projects and technical solutions, and select the best economic feasible solutions, so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving the economic benefits of the program in an all-round way, and point out the direction for the promotion and application of advanced technology.

The macroeconomic analysis method takes the entire national economic activity as the object of investigation, and studies the relevant aggregates and their changes, especially the changes in the gross national product and national income and their relationship with social employment, fluctuations in the economic cycle, inflation, economic growth, etc. Therefore, macroeconomic analysis is also known as aggregate analysis or overall analysis. Keynes was the founder of the modern Western macroeconomic analysis method, which he used to establish the Keynesian system of economic theory.

Both macroeconomic analysis (aggregate analysis) and microeconomic analysis (quantitative analysis) are considered quantitative analysis in economics. The common feature of these analytical methods is that they only study the changes in quantities (aggregates or quantities) in the economy and the relationship between them.

The premise of the analysis is based on the established institutional structure, and the analysis of the institutional structure in economics is the opposite of quantitative analysis.

Macroeconomic analysis starts from both aggregate supply and aggregate demand.

In the analysis of the aggregate supply situation, one takes into account the completion of the national industrial value added and the year-on-year growth of this value. Further subdivision, people will analyze the growth of different types of companies, such as state-owned and state-controlled enterprises, collective enterprises, joint-stock enterprises, and "foreign-funded" enterprises. The comparison between the growth of heavy industry and the growth of light industry is also important.

In the first half of 1999, heavy industry grew faster than light industry, reflecting the intensity of investment-driven and sluggish consumption. The output of major raw materials such as finished steel, copper, aluminum, cement, fertilizers, and chemical pesticides, the production of durable consumer goods and information and communication products, and the growth of power generation and transportation in the country can all reflect the total supply situation. However, when analysing the growth of basic products, it should be recognized that the role of basic products in determining economic growth is gradually changing.

For example, the amount of electricity generated has been one of the indicators of economic development in the past. But because many industries have shifted from high to low energy consumption, even if the growth of electricity generation is relatively slow, it is not possible to infer that the rate of economic growth has slowed down in the same proportion as before.

1) Comparative analysis.

Compare and analyze two or more comparable factors with the same conditions, so as to explain and reflect the connections and differences between the two things, analyze the causes, and propose improvement measures. In the comparison of quantities, absolute numbers (multiples) and relative numbers (percentages, thousands) are generally used to express the degree of difference between things. The comparative method is used from the following aspects.

1.than planned.

Comparing the actual indicators of the current period with the planned indicators, the implementation of the plan is illustrated, and the main problems of the analysis are determined: whether the plan is feasible or to be repaired, the reasons for the completion of the plan, the gap between the actual and the plan and the factors that cause the gap, and by comparing the plan, we can better create conditions for the completion of the plan and provide a basis for the revision of the plan.

2.Longitudinal comparison.

The actual indicators of the current period are compared with the number of completions in the previous period or the same period of the previous year, and the ratio with the historical high level of the unit to reflect the development and change trend of the economic activities of enterprises.

3.Side-by-side comparison.

Compare the actual indicators of the current period with the advanced level of the same industry (or foreign countries), so as to further find the gaps, find problems, and formulate measures.

2) Factor analysis.

Through the comparative analysis of various numerical data to find the gaps and expose the contradictions, it is necessary to further use the factor analysis method to study the causes of the differences and contradictions. There are various factors that cause the causes, and the method of finding out the most essential and crucial things among the intricate factors to explain the characteristics of economic activities in the current period is the factor analysis method. Such as:

a=b c, and the effects of changes in b and c on a were analyzed.

3) Dynamic analysis method.

From the perspective of development, we should study the changes in phenomena and their trends, so as to grasp the process and laws of economic activities. If we analyze and study the highest, lowest and average levels of costs over the years, we can find the various factors that affect the level of costs and the subjective and objective reasons for the pure posture of the original office.

Basic methods of economic analysis.

1) The economic analysis adopts the method of cost-benefit analysis or the analysis of the effect of the cost and the hidden cost, that is, the theoretical method of comparing the benefit (effect) and the cost, and seeks to obtain the maximum output (benefit, effect) with the minimum input (cost).

2) Adopt a "with or without comparison" approach to identify the benefits and costs of the project.

3) Adopt the shadow theory method to estimate the benefits and costs.

4) Follow the basic principle that the calculation scope of benefits and costs should be consistent.

5) The economic cost-benefit analysis adopts the cost-benefit flow analysis method, and the economic profitability indicators such as internal rate of return and net present value are used to conduct quantitative economic benefit analysis.

The economic cost-effect analysis uses different measurement methods for the cost and effect, and calculates the effect-to-cost ratio or cost-effect ratio indicator.

1. Qualitative analysis.

Qualitative analysis is the analysis of the "qualitative" aspects of the research object. Specifically, it is to use the methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, and abstraction and generalization to process the various materials obtained, so as to be able to extract the essence from the rough, remove the false and retain the true, from this and the other, from the surface and the inside, to understand the essence of things and reveal the inner laws.

Qualitative analysis is mainly to solve the question of "whether the research object is" and "is not", qualitative research.

It is divided into three processes:

1. Analysis and synthesis.

2. Compare 3. Abstract and generalize.

2. Quantitative analysis.

Quantitative analysis: the analysis of the quantitative characteristics, quantitative relations and quantitative changes of social phenomena. Its function is to reveal and describe the interaction and development trend of social phenomena.

Qualitative – Describe the relevant in written language;

Quantitative – described in mathematical language.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis.

These are the two types of analysis that people use to understand things.

Economic analysis is an extremely broad concept, and J. Schumpeter, from the perspective of the history of economic analysis, defined it as "the mental effort of mankind to understand economic phenomena".

From the perspective of modern economics, this "mental effort" mainly includes three major paradigms: Marxist economics, neoclassical economics, and Keynesian economics.

There are five basic components of a modern economic analytical framework: defining the economic environment, setting behavioral hypotheses, giving institutional arrangements, selecting equilibrium outcomes, and making evaluations and comparisons.

Any economic theory is basically made up of these five parts.

The discussion of these five parts will naturally lead to how to organically integrate them according to scientific research methods, and to gradually study various economic phenomena in depth and develop new economic theories.

These are some of the basic research methods that are commonly used in modern economics.

It includes providing research on the Pingzheng Dongtai hypothermia, establishing a frame of reference, giving a measuring scale, and providing analytical tools.

1.Reasonable basic data collectionThe collection of basic data is of great significance to the whole data analysis report, and the scientificity of basic data collection determines whether the data separation and analysis report is of use value.

2.Logical data analysisMany data analysis reports are preceded by a bunch of data and followed by a conclusion. When the real research data and conclusions are studied, the results are single, and the data and conclusions cannot be necessarily linked, or there is only one conclusion, such as the net present value, internal rate of return, and so on.

As a professional data analysis report, it is necessary to fully consider the quantitative model of each old limb digital science on the basis of the first quantitative model, and deduce the conclusion of the data step by step.

Economic analysis is an extremely broad concept, and J. Schumpeter, from the perspective of the history of economic analysis, defined it as "the mental effort of mankind to understand economic phenomena". From the perspective of modern economics, this "mental effort" mainly includes three major paradigms: Marxist economics, neoclassical economics, and Keynesian economics.

The core idea of economics is the optimal allocation and optimal regeneration of resources. In the view of symmetrical economics, the optimal allocation and optimal regeneration of resources are only the specific manifestations of economic laws, and the object of economics should be the economic laws and economic essence behind the optimal allocation and optimal regeneration of resources, rather than staying at the level of optimal allocation and optimal regeneration of resources.