Why Conzeen appeared in Germany and other countries adopted its model

Contzeen is an advanced form of monopoly organization controlled by large conglomerates. It appeared a little later than the cartel, the syndicate, and the trust, and it was not until the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century that it was formed successively in the major capitalist countries. The first consortia in the United States were formed with families at the center.

Since they are located in the eastern region, they are often referred to as the Eastern Consortium. In addition to the Morgan consortium, which started with steel, and the Rockefeller consortium, which started with oil, there are also Mellon and DuPont consortia (see U.S. Consortiums Before World War II). Before World War II, there were about 20 large conglomerates in Japan (see Japan's pre-World War II zaibatsu), among which the most powerful financial capital groups were the four major chaebols of Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Sumitomo, and Yasuda, which centered on the family.

The power of these big conglomerates controls all aspects of economic, political, cultural, and social life, epitomizing the total rule of the financial oligarchy.

After the Second World War, Contzeen continued to develop and change, mainly because of the rapid expansion of the power of financial capital groups in various countries. For example, in 1974, the total assets controlled by the eight major consortia in the United States reached $1,186 billion, an increase of more than 18 times over the amount of assets controlled by the eight consortia in 1935, before the war.

Due to the expansion of the strength of the consortiums, their control over the national economy has been further strengthened, and they are in a decisive position in the life of the national economy. The composition of the consortium has changed. Before the war, there were many conglomerates that consisted of a single family member.

After the war, this situation has changed. In the United States, some consortia have changed from the control of a single family to the control of multiple families, and some consortia have long since become consortia centered on large banks with their original family names as just a symbol. There are many ways for consortia to penetrate each other, mainly to buy each other's **, invest in each other's enterprises, and have credit relations with each other, so it is difficult to divide the sphere of influence of the current consortium so clearly.

The integration of the consortium with the state power has become closer. It has become a common phenomenon for the financial oligarchy to personally go out or send ** people to take up important positions in ** and directly control the state apparatus to serve the interests of monopoly capital. In addition, the consortium exerted influence on ** through various institutions set up by itself, and influenced ** domestic and foreign policies, which was also greatly strengthened than before the war.

The diversification and internationalization of the consortium have been further developed. Many of today's consortia, which operate in a wide range of industries, can be said to have "everything". Through OFDI, consortia continue to extend their influence abroad.

National consortia also infiltrate each other or join forces to control third parties.

Conzen is a high-level form of monopoly organization, which appeared later than the cartel model, syndicates, and trusts, and is much larger.

The original meaning of Contzeen is a variety of conglomerates. It is a form of monopoly in which the parent company holds shares in an independent company to achieve de facto dominance. In general, banks and other financial companies in the group play the role of holding companies.

Because the development of German capitalism at that time was in a new stage, the old form of capital could not satisfy the desires of the capitalists, so monopolies were created to obtain greater profits.

In the history of capitalist economic development, it was not until the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century that Kang Tse was formed in the major capitalist countries. Its emergence and development control all aspects of economic, political, cultural, and social life, fully embodying the important characteristics of the integration of bank capital and industrial capital into financial capital during the period of monopoly capitalism. After the Second World War, in the major capitalist countries, the monopoly organizations were increasingly developing towards comprehensive diversification, and Kang Zeen also underwent a series of changes, such as the increase in strength, the strengthening of control and use of the state, and the dilution of family color.

It has become the most prominent, typical and dominant form of monopoly organization.

Konzeen: One of the advanced forms of monopoly organization, which consists of the union of many enterprises in different sectors of the economy. Including industrial enterprises, ** companies, banks, transportation companies and insurance companies, etc.

It aims to monopolize the sales market, compete for raw material production areas and investment places, and obtain high monopoly profits. The enterprises participating in the Contène are formally independent, but in practice they are controlled by the dominant group of capitalists (usually the big bank capitalists) through a participatory system. It clearly shows the characteristics of the fusion of banking capital and industrial capital during the imperialist period.

It is a transliteration of the German "konzern", which originally meant a variety of enterprise groups, and here refers to a larger form of high-level monopoly organization that appeared later than cartels, syndicates, and trusts. Generally speaking, one or two of the most powerful large monopolies are the core, and many large enterprises across departments and industries are united to form a monopoly enterprise group. There are not only enterprises of individual capitalists, but also monopolies of group capitalists, such as syndicates and trusts; It includes not only productive units such as many industrial enterprises, transportation companies, mining companies, etc., but also non-productive units such as banks, insurance companies, commercial companies, and other service companies.

The big industrial enterprises and the big banks are the core of the organization, and in addition to running their own businesses, they also invest a part of their capital in other enterprises in Contzeen, and control these enterprises. Although the enterprises participating in Contzeen are formally independent, they are in fact controlled by the large industrial enterprises or large banks that occupy a central position. Through this form, monopoly capitalists control capital several times or even dozens of times larger than their own capital, so as to strengthen monopoly rule and grab high monopoly profits.