Just how many substances can be combined into one carbon, like carbon and diamonds

The 3rd floor is wrong, they are all allotropes of carbon, not isomers.

The allotropes of carbon are: diamond, graphite, amorphous carbon, C60, carbon nanotubes.

Amorphous carbon includes carbon black, charcoal, coke, bone charcoal, activated carbon, etc. Collectively referred to as black carbon. The physical properties of these allotropes vary greatly. But in oxygen, the product of combustion is carbon dioxide.

1.The crystal structure of a diamond.

Diamond is a typical atomic crystal, and the basic structural particles in this crystal are carbon atoms. Each carbon atom forms a covalent single bond with four carbon atoms in a sp3 hybrid orbital with a bond length of m and a bond angle of 109°28 to form a tetrahedron. Each carbon atom is located in the center of the tetrahedral, and the surrounding four carbon atoms are located at the four vertices, forming a continuous, solid skeleton structure in space.

Therefore, the whole crystal can be seen as a giant molecule. Due to the large bond energy of the C—C bond (347 kJ mol), the valence electrons are involved in the formation of the covalent bond, so that there are no free electrons in the crystal, so diamond is the hardest solid in nature, with a melting point of up to 3 550, and does not conduct electricity.

2.Crystal structure of graphite.

Graphite crystals are crystals that belong to the mixed bond type. The carbon atoms in graphite are bonded with three adjacent carbon atoms with sp2 hybrid orbitals to form a regular hexagonal honeycomb-like planar layered structure, while each carbon atom also has a 2p orbital in which there is a 2p electron. These p orbitals are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane formed by the hybrid orbitals of the carbon atom sp2, forming a large bond.

Thus these electrons can move across the entire plane of carbon atoms, similar to the properties of metallic bonds. The layers of the planar structure are combined by intermolecular forces (van der Waals forces) to form graphite crystals. Graphite has a metallic luster and has very good conductive properties in the layer plane direction.

Due to the weak intermolecular force between the layers, the graphite crystal is easy to slide between the layers, and graphite is used as a solid lubricant in industry.

3.Amorphous carbon.

The so-called amorphous carbon refers to its internal structure. In fact, their internal structure is not really amorphous, but crystals with the same structure as graphite, but the layered structure formed by the hexagonal annular plane of carbon atoms is scattered and irregular, the crystal formation is defective, and the grains are tiny and contain a small amount of impurities.

Amorphous carbon includes:

Carbon black, charcoal, coke, activated charcoal, bone charcoal, sugar charcoal.

Amorphous carbon is mixed with a small amount of sand and iron oxide catalyst, heated in about 3500 degrees, so that the carbon vapor produced is condensed to obtain artificial graphite.

As it stands, there are three isomers of carbon graphite, diamond, carbon nanotubes.

In addition, carbon is not a substance, it is just an element, and the elemental matter composed of carbon is called an isomer of carbon.

3 types: carbon, diamond, c60 (one atom of 60 carbon atoms).

It looks like you're just in your third year of junior high school, and you've just been introduced to chemistry

Graphite, diamond, carbon nanotubes Soccer rare.

The content of chemistry in the third year of junior high school is ......Forgot all about o o

Tens of thousands of species say that there are organic matter.

n many, infinite imagination, unlimited success.

Crystallization at high temperatures and pressures (e.g. diamonds).

In the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction chamber, carbon is dissolved in the high-temperature area, and crystals grow in the low-temperature area.

Synthetic gemstones under high temperature and pressure: mainly used to synthesize diamonds.

Basic principle: Using the principle of high temperature and high pressure, the carbon source is placed in the pyrophyllite reaction chamber to melt the carbon at high temperature, and the metal is transported in the high-temperature molten metal in the reaction chamber, Ni-Fe alloy or Fe-Al alloy is used, and finally the carbon is crystallized on the seed crystal in the low temperature zone.

Summary. Hello, diamonds are minerals composed mainly of the element carbon, which has a carbon content of up to 96-99%.

Hello, diamonds are minerals composed mainly of the element carbon, which has a carbon content of up to 96-99%.

Diamonds are the hardest of the natural minerals, and they are also quite brittle, and they can crumble when they are forcefully impacted. Derived from the ancient Greek word adamant, which means hard and inviolable substance, it is the king of precious stones. Diamond's.

In other words, diamond is actually a very dense carbon plum crystal.

The chemical composition of diamond is carbon, and this ground state is the only one in gemstones that is composed of a single element, and belongs to the equiaxed crystal system. The most important of the impurities that are often contained are N and B, and their presence is related to the type and nature of the diamond.

The crystal morphology is mostly octahedral trapping, rhomboidal dodecahedron, tetrahedron and their aggregation. Pure diamonds are colorless and transparent, and have different colors due to the mixture of trace amounts of dusty elements.

Diamonds are luminous, and when exposed to sunlight, they can emit a light cyan phosphorescence at night. X-rays irradiate and fluoresce sky blue. The chemical properties of Xiaoda diamonds are very stable, and they are not easily soluble in acids and alkalis at room temperature, and acids and alkalis will not act on their stools.

4 pcs. There are 3 in graphite. ,3,In diamond, each carbon atom interacts with the nearest four carbon atoms around it to form 4 single bonds, so each carbon atom is connected to 4x(1 4)=1 atom.

Other carbon elements are calculated in a similar way. ,2,It's estimated to be 4.,I also write this homework.,You can count it in the picture above.,I count up to 1 carbon atom connected to these 4 carbon atoms.,What about the answer upstairs.,Let the junior 3 can't understand ah.........2. Diamond sp3 hybrid orbital, connecting 4 atoms into four sigma bonds.

Graphite sp2 hybrid orbital, connecting 3 atoms, 3 sigma bonds and 1 bond. Graphite has a layered structure, the carbon atoms in the layer are connected at an angle of 120°, and the layers are connected by intermolecular forces, and the electrons in the bond move between the layers, similar to metal bonds.

Amorphous carbon sp hybridization, connecting two atoms. 1, four, because c has four electrons in the outermost layer of diamond is carbon element, the structure formed is an "atomic arrow" structure, 0,

Diamonds are made of carbon, so how does carbon become diamonds? Scientists poured molten iron into cold water, and a miracle happened.

a. Brilliant natural diamonds are composed of carbon elements;

b. For iron locks that have not been used for a long time and are difficult to open, a small amount of pencil lead powder can be added to the keyhole as lubricant correctly;

c. The pencil lead is not made of lead and a small amount of charcoal powder, the pencil lead is made by mixing graphite and clay in a certain proportion Error;

d. Activated carbon can be used as a filter agent for gas masks correctly;

Therefore, C

(1) Diamond, graphite, and C60 are all pure substances composed of carbon elements, and they all belong to elemental substances;

So the answer is: elemental;

2) Coconut shell activated carbon has a loose and porous structure, has strong adsorption, and can be used to remove harmful gases generated by decoration

So the answer is: adsorption;

3) Carbon is the most important element in the composition of ink, so the reason why calligraphy and painting do not change color for a long time is due to the inactivity of the chemical properties of elemental carbon at room temperature

Therefore, the answer is: at room temperature, the chemical properties of carbon are stable;

4) a. The production of soda is mainly based on the water-soluble nature of carbon dioxide, that is, the water solubility of carbon dioxide is used, so a is correct;

b. Photosynthesis absorbs carbon dioxide to release oxygen, which uses the chemical properties of carbon dioxide, so B is wrong

c. The chemical properties of carbon dioxide are also used to make chemical fertilizers, so C is wrong

So choose A

Studies have shown that transparent diamond gray lime and football-like C60 studies show that transparent diamond gray lime and football-shaped C60 are elemental composed of carbon elements, but due to their different atomic arrangements, there are obvious differences in their properties, pure diamond is colorless and transparent, octahedral shape solid, naturally collected diamond can become a dazzling ornament - diamond after careful grinding, Diamond can be used to load glass to cut marble to process hard metal, as well as to drill hard rock layers and other graphite on the rotor of the probe machine, it is a dark gray metallic luster and opaque fine scale solid graphite is very soft, slippery, in addition to excellent electrical conductivity, charcoal has a loose and porous structure, so it has adsorption capacity, C60 molecule is composed of 60 carbon atoms, C60 molecule is similar to football, the C60 molecule of this football structure is very stable, The discovery of C60 has enabled mankind to understand a new carbon world, and the unique structure of C60 determines that it has some special physical and chemical properties, and may be widely used in superconductivity, catalysis, materials, medicine and biology.

【Answer】Carbon atoms are arranged in different ways.

Make electrodes (lubricants, pencil leads, etc.).

Answer analysis] test analysis: diamond, graphite, and c60 are all elemental substances composed of carbon elements, and the reason for the great difference in their properties is that the carbon atoms are arranged in different ways; Graphite has good conductivity, can be used as an electrode, has a slippery feeling, and can be used as a lubricant.

Test site: Properties and uses of carbon element.

a. The dazzling natural diamond is made of carbon and the elements are correct;

For iron locks that are not used and difficult to open before the long defeat, a small amount of pencil lead powder can be added to the keyhole as lubricant Correct;

c. The pencil lead is not made of lead and a small amount of charcoal powder, the pencil lead is made by mixing graphite and clay in a certain proportion Error;

d. Activated carbon can be used as a filter agent for gas masks correctly;

Therefore, C

a. Brilliant natural diamonds are composed of carbon elements, so a is correct;

B, long-term unused and difficult to open the iron lock, can add a small amount of pencil lead powder to the keyhole as lubricant, so B is correct;

c. The pencil lead is not made of lead and a small amount of charcoal powder, and the pencil lead is made of graphite and clay mixed in a certain proportion, so C is wrong;

d. Activated carbon can be used as a filter agent for gas masks, so D is correct, so it is selected: C

Both graphite and diamond have the same chemical composition and are made up of elemental carbon.

The structure is different due to the different temperatures, pressures, and environments of the formation.

The structure of diamond and graphite is as follows:

Diamonds are equiaxed crystal systems with six centricity lattices, with c atoms located at the center of the corners and faces of the cube and the center of the four small cubes in the same arrangement. The coordination number of the c atom is 4, and the tetrahedral sp3 type covalent bond (c-c spacing is. The hardest mineral is 1,000 times that of quartz.

Graphite belongs to the hexagonal crystal system, the crystal structure is different from diamond, with a typical layered structure, each layer of carbon atoms is arranged in a hexagonal ring, the carbon atoms in the layer are combined by covalent bonds-metal bonds, and the layers are combined by molecular bonds. Graphite is a conductor and belongs to one of the softest minerals.