Why is there negative population growth in Europe and what are the reasons for the negative populati

The reasons for the negative population growth in Europe are manifold, first and foremost socio-economic ones. European countries are relatively economically developed, especially in Western Europe, to the point of being very developed, their social welfare system is perfect, and they do not need to "raise children to prevent old age", on the contrary, the cost of raising children is very high, too much energy, and whether to give birth or not depends on their own pleasure; Due to the developed economy, high production efficiency, and less labor required for production, the whole country has no incentive to have children. Second, cultural reasons.

Europeans do not have a strong sense of inheritance, unlike the Chinese culture that has the idea of "no future is greater", and more of the pursuit of freedom. As we all know, in China, if a woman gives birth to two or more children, she will be firmly tied to the family and will not have the energy to work and become a full-time wife, and European women will not be bound by this kind of constraints. Third, environmental reasons.

In many parts of Northern and Eastern Europe, the climate is cold, and people will gradually lose or reduce their desire to have children, and some areas are crowded with cities, with high population density and serious damage to the ecological environment, such as London. Europe has always been the core of the world's economic development, and the political environment is relatively stable, but once a war breaks out, the "NATO" headquartered in Europe will actively participate in the war, and NATO has participated in the Kosovo war, the Iraq war, and the Libyan war.

Negative growth means that the number of births is lower than the number of deaths.

Shanghai has also experienced negative growth for several consecutive years.

a Socio-economic development is slow and employment opportunities are scarce.

b The population is seriously ageing and there is a shortage of young and strong labour.

c ** Results of strict implementation of the family planning policy.

d The result of a combination of socio-economic, cultural and environmental factors.

1) In Europe, negative population growth has led to a decrease in the labor force, which has accelerated the outward migration of low-profit industrial links, and the contraction of the domestic market has greatly slowed down the economic growth rate, and at the same time affected the growth of the population.

2) The aging of the population is intensifying, and the problem of old-age care is serious, and the responsibility of each labor force to bear the support has increased.

Europe, especially the developed countries of Western Europe, on the contrary, have a perfect social welfare system and do not worry about pensions; It is also a capital-technology-intensive economic model, which does not require a large number of laborers, and on the other hand, raising a child often requires a lot of energy and capital (including parents' personal and national), so on the whole, the cost is very high and the production efficiency is relatively low, so the West regards having children as a pleasure, rather than mixing too many practical factors.

At the same time, in terms of mortality rate, developing countries are also decreasing, Western European countries are seriously aging, and the mortality rate is not too low, so the population growth rate of developing countries is high, and Western European countries tend to have zero or even negative growth.

The result of a combination of socio-economic, cultural and environmental factors. Eurostat reports that improved material living is the main reason for the lack of children and children in these countries. In addition to the decline in the natural growth rate, the increase in the number of settlers abroad has also contributed to the population decline.

Socio-economic reasons. The economy of European countries is relatively developed, especially in Western Europe, to the point of being very developed, their social welfare system is perfect, and they do not need to "raise children to prevent old age", on the contrary, the cost of raising children is very high, too much energy, and childbirth and examination of disadvantages are all based on their own pleasure; Due to the developed economy, high production efficiency, and less labor required for production, the whole country has no incentive to have children.

Cultural reasons. Europeans do not have a strong sense of inheritance, unlike the Chinese culture that has the idea of "no future is greater", and more of the pursuit of freedom. As we all know, in China, if a woman gives birth to two or more children, she will be firmly tied to the family, and she will no longer have the energy to work and become a full-time wife.

The harm of negative population growth is that there is a shortage of labor, affects the willingness to have children, and is not conducive to the equalization of social security.

First, negative population growth will lead to labor shortages. On the one hand, labor efficiency will decline accordingly, affecting the process of economic development; On the other hand, more countries have introduced deferred retirement policies, which have squeezed out job opportunities, affected fertility intentions, and entered a vicious circle.

Second, the accelerated aging of the population will increase the burden of the state's security for the elderly population, which is not conducive to the equalization of social security. Finally, even if the total population reduction will reduce the burden on resources and environment, with the continuous escalation of personal consumption, the negative population growth will still affect the sustainable development of resources and environment.

Coping methods: First, do a good job in social security, strengthen the improvement of the system, and create a good social environment for the elderly population.

The second is to formulate a medium- and long-term population development strategy to respond to the ever-changing population deficit with a long-term perspective.

Third, in order to adapt to the changing size and structure of the population, we should adjust the corresponding economic structure so that the population changes can match economic development.

As of 2022, the total population of 238 countries in the world is 7,898,236,143.

Among them, China ranks first with 1,447,301,400 people, becoming the most populous country in the world, India ranks second on the planet with 1,403,018,576 people, and the third to tenth places are: the United States, Indonesia, Pakistan, Nigeria, Brazil, Bangladesh, Russia, etc.

The number of people added globally will remain above 86 million per year. The world's population will reach 7.1-7.8 billion by 2015, more than 8 billion by 2025, and 9.4 billion by 2050. According to scientists' analysis, the world's population will peak at 10.6 billion by 2080, and will gradually decline thereafter, falling to 100 million by the end of the 21st century.

Development of the world's population:

After the Second World War, as the world entered a period of relative peace and the level of science and technology and medical care continued to improve, the population of many developing countries grew very rapidly. These countries are mainly from Asia, Africa and Latin America.

In China, for example, there were about 100 million people in the Qing Dynasty in 1850 and 100 million in 1953 when the People's Republic of China was founded. Despite the wars, the population has grown by 100 million in more than a hundred years. Since the fifties, China's population has also grown rapidly, and the 1982 census showed that Chinese population exceeded one billion.

Today, China has a population of more than 1.3 billion, and its sheer population has forced China to implement a family planning policy to slow population growth. India, the second most populous country in the world, had about 100 million people in 1750 and reached 100 million in 1941; India now has a population of more than 1.2 billion. The population of Indonesia's Java region has risen from five million in 1815 to 100 million today.

Mexico's population grew from 13 million in 1900 to 100 million in 2009. Kenya's population in Africa has also grown from 2.9 million in 1920 to more than 37 million today.

There may be several reasons for the negative population growth in first-tier cities:

1.High housing prices and cost of living: In first-tier cities, housing prices and the cost of living are often high, which makes some people unwilling or unable to live and work here, so they choose to move to other areas.

2.Population Aging and Declining Fertility Rates: As the aging population intensifies in first-tier cities, lower fertility rates may lead to negative population growth.

3.Environmental and security issues: Environmental and security issues in first-tier cities may also be one of the factors contributing to negative population growth.

The poor environment and poor life can cause some people to leave the city. And the severity of the law and order problem can make people worry and uneasy, which can keep them away from the city.

4.Employment environment and opportunities: While first-tier cities attract a lot of great talent, as the job market changes, some people may find that the city is more competitive than others or that there aren't enough opportunities.

As a result, these people may leave first-tier cities in search of better employment opportunities and better development prospects.

5.Shortage of public services and resources: The relative lack of public services and resources in first-tier cities may cause some people to leave the cities.

For example, public transport systems and traffic congestion can make people's work and daily lives more inconvenient. In addition, there may also be problems with the city's water resources, energy and other supporting facilities, affecting the sustainable development of the city.

Negative population growth will lead to a decrease in population, especially in the number of people in the year.

This situation will have a corresponding impact on each and every one of us ordinary people. ......Specifically, negative population growth will bring us increased pressure on social security and medical insurance, the problem of pension after old age is difficult to solve, and the retirement age will be delayed.

1. The negative growth of the population will first put pressure on our social security and medical insurance. Negative population growth will first put pressure on our social security and medical insurance. ......The reason for this situation is that the main reason for the negative population growth is the decrease in young people, which will lead to a decrease in the number of people who pay social security and medical insurance, which will cause practical pressure on social security and medical insurance.

Such a situation can have a big impact on the lives of those who have retired and those who are approaching retirement age.

2. The decline in population will make it difficult for us to solve the problem of pension in old age. In our lifetime, the issue of pension after old age is a very important issue. ......When we get old, our physique becomes weaker and we need someone to take care of us to ensure our lives.

However, with the negative population growth, the situation of fewer children or even no children will increase, and the problem of providing for the elderly with few children or no children will become a difficult problem to solve, and this problem will have a very big impact on each of us.

3. Our retirement age will be delayed with negative population growth. Another effect of negative population growth is the postponement of the retirement age. ......Due to negative population growth, especially the declining number of young people, there will be a relative shortage of labor in the workplace, which will require measures such as delayed retirement to ensure the number of workers.

This is a very real problem for all of us in the workplace, and it is likely that we will have to delay retirement for a period of time in the future.

Recent data shows that there are many reasons behind the collective negative population growth of the four first-tier cities in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. The main reasons include:

1.Restrictions on the hukou system: Due to the restrictions of the hukou system, it is difficult for many outsiders to settle in first-tier cities, which has caused a large outflow of people.

2.Housing prices are too high: It is becoming more and more difficult to buy a house in first-tier cities, and housing prices have been at a high level, and many young people are facing pressure to buy a house and have to choose to leave.

3.Environmental pollution: The environmental pollution problem in first-tier cities is becoming more and more serious, and many people choose to live in other cities for health and other reasons.

The combination of all of the above causes has led to a collective negative population growth, which does send some signals to people:

1.Problems in economic development: As one of the most economically active cities, the collective negative population growth in first-tier cities indicates that some economic problems have begun to emerge.

2.The spatial distribution of cities will need to be changed: the phenomenon of population agglomeration in central cities will lose much of its effectiveness, and the focus of urban development will shift to small and medium-sized cities.

3.Policies should be adjusted: Reform the hukou system and housing policy to encourage the return of the population. At the same time, we will increase the intensity of environmental governance and leniency, and improve the livability of the city.

In short, the collective negative population growth in first-tier cities is not only a data, but also a signal, which means that China's urban development model will undergo major changes, and policies and urban planning will need to be adjusted accordingly.

Impact one, forcing industrial upgrading. As the workforce shrinks, companies will have to pay higher hiring costs if they want to retain their workforce, which means that companies must find ways to increase their profits, otherwise they will fall into a state where they will not be able to cover their expenses. In this way, the industry will be upgraded, at least to improve the degree of mechanization of enterprises, with machines to improve the efficiency of workers, some labor-intensive industries will also be slowly upgraded and transformed, otherwise the labor cost is not ordinary enterprises can bear, the future of high-tech industries will become more and more.

Impact 2: The labor force of young and middle-aged people is decreasing. Our country has always been facing a problem, that is, the aging of the population is increasing. If the proportion of the elderly population increases, the proportion of the young and middle-aged labor force will decrease, which will have a certain impact on the future, after all, no matter what time it is, the population is the basic driving force of economic development.

More importantly, negative population growth will lead to the continued decline of China's labor force, after all, with the decrease in the number of births, the proportion of the elderly population will further increase.

Impact 3: It is difficult to sell in the property market. If you want to sell your house, you must have enough demand to buy a house, and negative population growth will reduce the demand for housing in the market. Therefore, after the negative population growth, the biggest impact on the real estate market is that the house will become more difficult to sell, and the reason for selling the excess property in hand as soon as possible, otherwise the people who have a house in their hands may become the last batch of people to take over.

Impact four, negative population growth, means that the future of the labor force will be broken or even declined, human resources will become the most expensive resources in the society, which also means that some service industry personnel will be greatly vacant, the advantages brought by the demographic dividend will be gone, in general first-tier cities for example, takeaway, express delivery and other pure service types of positions will be a large number of vacancies, so that the delivery fee will increase, and the stool blind will also be the cost feedback to ourselves, forming a vicious circle.