What script was used in the Yuan Dynasty, and what do you know about the official language and scrip

Yuan. It is a combination of Mongolian new characters and Chinese characters, and under the influence of Chinese characters, Mongolian has been greatly improved.

In 1269, Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan dynasty.

After the promulgation of the "New Mongolian Script" (soon renamed "Mongolian characters", now commonly known as "Paspa"), the use of the Uighur Mongolian script was restricted for a time. In the latter part of the Yuan Dynasty, the Uighur Mongolian script became popular again.

By the 17th century, the Uighur Mongolian script had developed into two languages, one in the current Mongolian script that was spoken in most parts of the Mongols, and one in Oirat.

The Tote script used in the dialect area.

Since the ancestor of the Yuan dynasty entrusted the national teacher Ba Si Pa to make another Ba Si Pa text, each with the "fear of the word" to call it, in order to show the difference. But despite repeated bans, the Mongols at that time still preferred to use the Mongolian script.

The Phags-pa script then switched to spelling other phonetics. Until the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Yuan Shun.

Returning to the north, few people use the new word. The Mongols in Lingbei and other places still regard the Vultures alphabet as authentic.

Summary. At that time, the country stipulated the use of three languages, namely Mongolian, Chinese, and Persian. Mongolian is"Chinese", the imperial court used Mongolian language for deliberations, and the official documents used two languages, namely Mongolian and Gongmu.

The so-called Gongmu script is a hardware translation from the original Mongolian text, that is, a text that uses Mongolian lexical grammar and syntax to record in Chinese characters. Most of the decision-making documents of the Yuan Dynasty, such as court proceedings, sacred decrees, edict inscriptions, and provincial documents, were written in this style. This style is generally not used in Han China.

In addition to Mongolian and Chinese, Persian is also commonly used throughout the country.

At that time, the whole country was prescribed to use three languages, namely Mongolian Rucong Ancient Script, Chinese Script, and Persian Script. Mongolian is"Chinese"The court used Mongolian language to discuss the proceedings, and the official documents used two languages, namely Mongolian and Gongmu. The so-called Gongmu script is a hardware translation from the original Mongolian text, that is, a text that uses Mongolian lexical grammar and syntax to record in Chinese characters.

Most of the decision-making documents of the Yuan Dynasty, such as court proceedings, sacred decrees, edict inscriptions, and provincial documents, were written in this style. This style is generally not used in Han China. In addition to Mongolian and Chinese, Persian is also commonly used throughout the country.

The above are the three scripts used in the Yuan Dynasty and where they were used.

Compare the heart] [compare the heart] [compare the heart].

I still know a lot, and the official language at that time was Mongolian.

Then the script used at that time was the Mongolian character of Vulture, which later evolved into the Mongolian character of Ba Sipa.

At that time, Chi Zhong's history was particularly good, and the leaders were very good.

The official languages of the Yuan Dynasty were Mongolian and Chinese. This is because at the beginning, the Yuan Dynasty used Mongolian, but later it did not miss the sinicization, so the socks were later used in Chinese.

The language Qidan is Mongolian. The script used during the pre-quiet period was the Mongolian Vulture. The text used in the later period is the Mongolian character of Bahong Xian Sipa. They are all very national. Later these texts were promoted.

The official languages are Mongolian (Phag-pa), Chinese, etc. The official script was originally Mongolian and later Pas-pa Mongolian.

The Mongolian language originated around the 9th and 10th centuries and is mainly divided into the Central Dialect, the Western Dialect (Oirat), the Northern Dialect (Buryatia), and the Eastern Dialect (Korqin-Karaqin).

Chinese is analytical, and generally has three to fifteen tones. The Chinese writing system Chinese characters are a kind of phonetic script, which has both ideographic and phonetic functions.

Mongolian script is a script used to write the Mongolian language, mainly including the Uighur (ancient Uyghur) Mongolian script commonly used by the Mongolian people in the People's Republic of China; and the Cyrillic Mongolian script, which is mainly spoken in Mongolia.

The Mongolian character of Ba Si Pa is a new Mongolian character created by the "national teacher" Ba Si Pa during the period of Kublai Khan of the Yuan Dynasty, and is known as "Ba Si Pa Mongolian New Character". The ancient "International Phonetic Alphabet" and "Esperanto" were created and popularized to promote the civilization process of Mongolian society to a certain extent.

Summary. Yin Jinwen has a work, like the side shape of a person and its head. The word emphasizes the human head. The oracle bone inscription has been added to the horizontal shape to form a top-up shape, and the position of the head of the person is also emphasized. The word is from the beginning, this is a pictogram, and the inscription is from the person above, and it will be meaningful. The "Sayings" are analytical.

First, the shape and sound of the vulture are negotiable.

Yuan characters are the fonts of various dynasties.

Yin Jinwen has a work, like the side shape of a person and its head. The word is strong or the head of the person is tuned. The oracle bone inscription has been added to the horizontal shape to form a top-up shape, and the position of the head of the person is also emphasized. The word is from the side and knows that he Wu, this is a pictogram patting wisdom, and the armor is from the person above, and it will be understood. The "Sayings" are analytical.

First, the shape and sound of the vulture are negotiable.

Calligraphy fonts were prevalent in the Yuan Dynasty, also known as Yuan Dynasty calligraphy.

At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, calligraphy was generally retro. At the beginning of Wenzong Tianli, Kuizhang Pavilion was built, and he was in charge of secret antiquities. Yuan Wenzong Chang Xing Kui Zhang Pavilion admired the famous paintings of calligraphy, and calligraphy once flourished. Zhao Mengfu, Xian Yushu and other famous artists, is a representative of calligraphy in this period.

They advocate the same method of calligraphy and painting, and pay attention to the posture of knots. However, the Yuan Dynasty calligraphy was purely inherited from the Jin and Tang dynasties, without its own style, and later in Zhao Mengfu's Kang Li Xuan still had some changes, and the strange was unique to the Yuan Dynasty calligraphy.

Yuan Dynasty calligraphy, before the Yuan Dynasty was influenced by the Jin Dynasty, inherited Yan Zhenqing and Su Shi, Mi Fu's remnants, although there are many good calligraphers, but the achievements are not very significant. Later, Zhao Mengfu, Xian Yushu and others rose up, advocating extensive learning from the famous deeds of the ancients, especially emphasizing direct access to the Jin and Tang dynasties, and despising the Southern Song Dynasty. On the basis of learning the traditions of the ancients, they "reformed the ancient system", so that the traditional laws of the Jin and Tang dynasties could be restored and developed, and the so-called "evil ornaments" formed by scholars and doctors since the Southern Song Dynasty due to the "trend of the times and noble books" were reversed, and the calligraphy style of the Yuan Dynasty was opened.

Therefore, Zhao Mengfu and Xian Yushu are known as the "giants" of the Yuan Dynasty calligraphy.

Mongolian Chinese Character Calligraphy At that time, Zhao Mengfu's line was good.

The official languages and scripts of the Yuan Dynasty were Mongolian (Baspa) and Chinese.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the legal Mongolian language was Chinese (mainly used by the Mongolian people), and it was determined to be the capital of the Yuan Dynasty (Beiping), and Chinese was designated as the common language in the region, which was called "the common language of the world".

The standard of Chinese pronunciation in the Yuan Dynasty is still the dominant Central Plains Bianluo Yin since the Tang and Song dynasties, which can be verified by the Central Plains Phonology compiled by Zhou Deqing in the early Yuan Dynasty.

It turns out that simplified Chinese characters appeared in the Sui and Tang dynasties, flourished in the Yuan Dynasty, it is said that the ancestor of simplified Chinese characters, is cursive, but not many people know this thing, so simplification is simplified, and Einstein's theory of relativity, there are few who can understand. Chinese characters, after the Tang and Song dynasties, still have the absolute upper hand in traditional characters. But in the Yuan Dynasty it was completely different.

The intellectuals of the Yuan Dynasty were driven out of the temple, known as "eight prostitutes, nine Confucians, and ten beggars". Poetry, the pinnacle of Tang and Song Dynasty art, was no longer brilliant in the Yuan Dynasty, and a new art form, Yuan Qu, was born. Yuanqu is a hotbed of simplified characters.

Yuanqu is divided into loose songs and miscellaneous dramas, as can be seen from the name, this is not a dignified work above the temple, but the "glamorous sound" of the Zheng people that circulates in the market. Most people in the Yuan Dynasty don't read serious books and like popular literature,—— isn't it also stinky to read too many scriptures? The text dropped in price, and more people who did manual work in the market, big girls and little daughters-in-law had a relationship.

In the books of the Yuan Dynasty, the probability of typos is also extremely alarming. At the same time, everyone found that the strokes of our Chinese characters were too complicated, and the engraving was terrible, so the bosses racked their brains to simplify these Chinese characters - as long as readers who were not too literate could guess what they were. This is also determined by the readership, if the scriptures and books carved in the Tang and Song dynasties are all read by the emperor and the prime minister, which one dares to fool things?

More than 6,000 simplified Chinese characters appeared in the Yuan Dynasty, but this simplification of Chinese characters was severely damaged by the Ming Dynasty. Because the Ming Dynasty advocated retro, the culture @ culture @ management @ system was strict