What are the commonly used plastic materials? Describe its characteristics, common names and applica

Commonly used plastics in construction are:

1) Polyethylene plastic Polyethylene plastic is polymerized from polyethylene resin, which is a white translucent material with excellent electrical insulation properties and chemical stability. However, the mechanical strength is not high, the texture is more flexible, and it is not resistant to high temperatures. In construction, it is mainly used to make pipes or tanks for discharging or storing cold water; It is made into a film for moisture-proof, waterproof engineering, or as an insulating material.

2) Polyvinyl chloride plastic Polyvinyl chloride plastic is a general-purpose plastic, which is made of polyvinyl chloride resin with plasticizers, fillers, pigments and other additives to make various colors of translucent and opaque plastics. According to the addition of different amounts of plasticizers, hard or soft products can be prepared. It can be used in a temperature range of:

15 55, good chemical stability, can resist the corrosion of acid and alkali salts, and wear resistance, with silencing, shock absorption function, its bending strength is greater than 60MPa.

3) Phenolic plastic Phenolic resin plastic is a combination of phenols and aldehydes, with two types of thermoplastic and thermosetting, with heat resistance, moisture resistance, chemical attack resistance and electrical insulation and other properties. The color is brown and black, but it is brittle and not resistant to impact. It is mainly used as bakelite powder, glass fiber reinforced plastic, laminate, etc. in construction projects.

4) Polymethyl methacrylate plastic polymethyl acrylate is formed by the reaction and polymerization of acetone, cyanide and methanol. The plastic made without other components has a high degree of transparency, and is made into a flat plate or corrugated board (also known as plexiglass) for lighting on the building, and a sail slippery pigment state front, dyes, stabilizers and fillers are added to the resin, which can be extruded or molded into building products with a smooth surface, and the resin reinforced with glass fiber can be made into bathtubs and other sanitary products.

What are the types of plastics and what are the characteristics of each?

1) Classification according to the characteristics of resin when heated and cooledThis classification method is the most used and is also a relatively scientific classification method.

1) Thermoplastics are plastics that soften when heated, and when the temperature rises to a certain extent, they become a flowing viscous fluid, which can be made into a certain shape with the help of molds and pressure, and can maintain the formed shape after cooling. When heated again, it can be softened, melted, and remolded. It only has physical changes and no chemical changes in the process of heating and cooling molding.

There are many varieties of this kind of plastic, commonly used are PE, PVC, PA, PS, PMMA, ABS, PC, PP and so on.

2) Thermosets are plastics that soften when first heated, and then solidify and harden after cooling. It no longer softens when reheated, and decomposes when the temperature rises to a certain value. This is because the plastic undergoes a chemical change during the molding process, the linear molecule becomes a body-shaped molecule, and the resin transforms into a shape that neither softens nor dissolves, no longer changes, is no longer plastic, and its texture is generally hard and brittle.

Commonly used thermosetting plastics are PF, UF, MF, EP, UP, etc.

2) Classification by the use of plastics.

1) General plastics This kind of plastic is a very widely used plastic, it has a large output, accounting for about 3 4 of the total output of plastics, and is used in large quantities to make daily necessities with little force, such as TV shells, machine shells, plastic basins, plastic buckets, etc. It has a very close relationship with people and has become an important pillar of the plastics industry. Commonly used general plastics are PE, PVC, PS, PP, PF, UF, MF, etc.

2) Engineering plastics are generally cheap, but its mechanical properties, temperature resistance, candle resistance are difficult to meet the needs of some engineering and equipment used as structural materials, for this reason, engineering plastics came into being, it has high mechanical strength, rigidity, can replace some steel or non-ferrous metal materials, can manufacture complex mechanical parts or engineering force parts, many use effects are more than the original materials. Commonly used engineering plastics are PA, ABS, PSF, PTFE, POM, PC, etc.

3) Special plastics: This type of plastic has some unique functions and can be used in some special occasions, such as magnetic conductive plastics, ionic plastics, pearlescent plastics, photosensitive plastics, medical plastics, etc.

1. General Purpose Plastics.

1.Polyethylene (HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, UHMWPE, CPE, VLDPE, ULDPE, MPE). 2.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization) 3Polypropylene (identical, simplified, random) (PP-R PP-H PP-B) 4.Polystyrene (GPS HIPS EPS styrene-based polymers).

2. Engineering plastics.

1.Polyamide (PA6, PA66, PA1010, PA11, PA12 MC) 2.Polyester resin (PET PBT) 3.

Polycarbonate (PC) 4.Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 5.Polyurethane (PU) 6 pom

3. Thermosetting plastics.

Phenolic plastic (PF): electrical insulation, heat resistance, acid resistance, used in electrical communications, coatings, adhesives.

Amino plastics: electrically insulating, heat resistance, acid resistance, used in insulating materials, tableware, etc.

Epoxy resin (EP): good adhesion effect, electrical insulation, chemical resistance, used in adhesives, coatings, electrical insulating materials.

Urea-formaldehyde (UF): colorless, easy to color, phenolic-like, used in hoods, buttons, coatings.

Melamine: high hardness, good wear resistance, flame retardancy, and water resistance. Used for decorative panels, laminate flooring, electrical parts, coatings.

4. Special plastics.

Ordinary bisphenol A-type polysulfone.

Polysulfone (PSU) Modified polysulfone (bisphenol A copolymer with PMMA and ABS).

Non-bisphenol A-type polysulfone (or polyphenylethersulfone).

Polyethersulfone (also known as polyaryl ether).

Polyimide (PI).

Polyphenylene ether (PPO).

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).

Polyetherketone (PEK).

Polyaryletherketone (PEKK).

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK).

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

Liquid crystal polymers (LCPs).

Thermoplastic and thermoset, the former can ** the latter can't.

You can refer to my Plastic Dictionary.