What is the time of the guzheng? How many years old is the guzheng

Guzheng is an ancient national musical instrument, which prevailed in the "Qin" land during the Warring States Period, and the information cited in Sima Qian's "Historical Records" recorded in the "Li Silie's Book of Advice and Expulsion of Guests" is quite worthy of our attention. Li Si's "Book of Exhortations to the Guest" mentions a passage about the music and dance of the Qin State: "The husband hits the urn, knocks, plays the kite, and fights, and the song is whining and whining."

The voice of the true Qin is also. Zheng Weisang, Shaoyu, martial elephants, exotic pleasures. Now abandon the knocking, hitting the urn and the symptomatic guard, retreat from the kite and take Shaoyu, if so, what?

Happiness is now, just a good look. ”

Zheng is "the voice of the real Qin", so it has always had the name of "Qin Zheng", but if you look at it from the text, there is something worthy of our scrutiny, that is, "hitting the urn, knocking" and "Zheng Weisang" against each other, and "playing the zither and fighting the hip" and "Shao Yu, Wuxiang" against each other, so there is a "abandon the knocking rope today, hit the urn and Zheng Wei, withdraw from playing the kite and take Shaoyu, if it is what is the precept". The so-called "voice of Zheng Wei" is "Sangjian Pushang", which is the folk ** of Zheng Guo and Wei Guo, so it can be seen that "knocking and hitting the urn" is the folk ** of the Qin State at that time, that is, "Shaoyu" is "Shao Xiao", that is, Confucius praised it as "Shao Shao in March".

In 1979, a string of kites was found in the Xianyan Dongzhou Cliff Tomb Group in Guixi County, Jiangxi Province. One of them is well-preserved, measuring 166 centimeters long, centimeters wide, and a tail width of centimeters, with thirteen chord holes at each end. Another piece of the tail of the zither is incomplete, the residual length is 174 cm, the first chord hole of the zither is used to place the wooden sheath (string), one string and one sheath, and the string is tied to the sheath, similar to the string method of the Chaozhou zither.

The shape, number of strings and string method of these two zhengs are similar to those of the later generations of zither, and they are the earliest known objects in China.

So far, there is no conclusive evidence to say when it existed, but the Warring States period was already prevalent in Qin, so it can only be affirmed that it existed before the Warring States period.

The guzheng used now is designed and finalized in the 70s, and the full name is called: nylon winding steel wire S-type 21-string guzheng.

Guzheng is one of the oldest plucked musical instruments in China, which originated in the Warring States Period of China and has a history of more than 2,500 years.

As early as the Warring States period from the 5th century BC to the 3rd century BC.

Guzheng in the Qin State.

Now Shaanxi) is widely circulated, also known as the ruler stupid bureau "Qin Zheng", has a history of more than 2,500 years. Guzheng, a plucked stringed instrument, is a Han nation.

Ancient folk musical instruments are often used in solo, ensemble, instrumental ensemble and the accompaniment of singing, opera, and quyi. Because of its wide vocal range, pleasant timbre and strong penetration, it is known as the "King of Music", also known as the "Oriental Piano", and is a unique national musical instrument in China. Guzheng famous song "Fishing Boat Singing Night".

Alpine Flowing Water is well-known internationally.

Warring states. Guzheng was as early as the Warring States period from the 5th century BC to the 3rd century BC.

It has been around for more than 2,500 years. Guzheng is also called Han Zheng, Qin Zheng, Yao Zheng, Luan Zheng, is a very important Zheng instrument in the traditional musical instruments of the Han people, and three strings.

All belong to plucked instruments.

Guzheng has a beautiful timbre, a wide vocal range, rich performance skills, and a strong expressiveness, so it is deeply popular among the people.

In the early days, the traditional Zheng music was divided into two schools, the North and the South, namely the "Southern Zheng" (Chaozhou Zheng) and the "Northern Zheng" (Henan Zheng and Shandong Zheng). The northern part of China Zheng is represented by the Henan and Shandong schools, and the southern part is mainly represented by the Taiwan Zheng school.

For beginners, the fingertip joints should take the initiative to hook the strings, and after playing, relax to the normal hand shape to prepare for the next string playing. Be careful not to "pull" the strings with your fingers, and the correct posture is to play the strings at a distance of about 3 mm.

In the early stage of playing the guzheng, follow the metronome first.

To practice, slow down the speed of the metronome, sing with the metronome a few times with your hand, and then practice with the metronome on the piano after you are proficient.

When playing the guzheng, the right "groaning, kneading, pressing, and gliding" of the left hand is the "soul" of the expressive power of the zheng, and the basic skills determine the artistic level of the performer. Therefore, beginners should be proficient in standard strumming posture and fingering.

Guzheng, as early as the Warring States Period from the 5th century BC to the 3rd century BC, was widely spread in the Qin State at that time, and now Shaanxi, so it is also called Qin Zheng, which has a history of more than 2,500 years.

Guzheng, also known as Han Zheng, Qin Zheng, Yao Zheng, Luan Zheng, is a Zheng instrument in traditional Chinese musical instruments, which belongs to plucked musical instruments. It is one of the unique and important national musical instruments in China. It has a beautiful timbre, a wide range, rich playing skills, and quite strong expressiveness, so it is deeply loved by the masses.

Now there are also small zither, portable zither, mini zither, half zither, new zither, and 12 equal law transfer zither. Guzheng is an ancient national musical instrument that accompanies China's long-standing culture and is native to this yellow earth. Observer contains.

The structure of the guzheng is composed of a panel, a goose pillar, a string, a front mountain, a string nail, a tuning box, a foot, a back mountain, a side plate, a sound outlet, a bottom plate, and a string hole. The shape of the Zheng is a rectangular wooden speaker, the string frame Zheng column, that is, the goose pillar can move freely, one string and one tone, arranged according to the pentatonic scale, the earliest 25 strings of the Zheng as the most, the Tang and Song dynasties have thirteen strings, after the defeat of the laughter increased to sixteen, eighteen strings, twenty-one strings, etc., the most commonly used specifications are twenty-one strings.

Guzheng originated in the Warring States Period and was popular in the Qin State, so it is also called Qin Zheng. The early guzheng is a five-stringed zheng, and the body of the zhengzheng is made of bamboo, and the form is like "building". Later, the strings gradually increased.

Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty and Zhu Junsheng, a precedent of the Qing Dynasty, were specified in "Shuowen Jie Zi" and "Shuo Wen Tongxun Dingsheng" respectively. Xu Shen said: "Meng Tian changed to twelve strings, deformed into Se, and changed bamboo to wood.

Zhu Junsheng day: "The five strings of the guzheng are applied to the bamboo, such as building." Meng Tian changed to twelve strings, deformed like a seer, easy to wood.

After the Tang Dynasty, it was ten traces and three strings. "In modern times, it has been increased to twenty-one strings. From these sources, it can be seen that the Zheng strings of the Three Kingdoms period were 12 strings.

Playing the zither with fake armor was first seen in the Liang Dynasty's "Book of Liang - Yang Kan Biography" in the Northern and Southern Dynasties (502 BC): "There is a kite player Lu Daxi, with antler claws, seven inches long", in Li Shangyin's "Untitled Two Losses and Quiet Head" poem: "Twelve learn to play the kite, and the silver armor has never been unloaded", which shows that the Three Kingdoms period is still played with meat armor.

The uniform specifications of the guzheng are: meters, 21 strings. Most of the panels of the guzheng are made of paulownia wood from Lankao, Henan, the frame is empty and rotten, the head, tail and side panels of the zither have mahogany, old mahogany (Burmese acid branches), golden silk nanmu, red sandalwood and other precious woods, the sound quality of the guzheng depends on the panel and the strings, and the surrounding materials have slightly improved the timbre of the guzheng, and the old mahogany, red sandalwood, and golden silk nanmu are better.

During the Warring States Period, the guzheng was popular in the Qin State, so it is also called "Qin Zheng". Guzheng has spread widely, from Lingnan to Inner Mongolia, almost throughout China. The original guzheng evolved from a bamboo five-stringed instrument in the Warring States period, which developed to 12 strings during the Qin and Han dynasties, 13 strings in the Sui and Tang dynasties, 14 strings in the Yuan and Ming dynasties, and 16 strings in the Qing dynasty.

Later, after improvement, the string was developed from unequal strings to 21-25 strings, and the zither string was also changed from the original wire string to steel wire string. In this way, the vocal range and expressiveness of the guzheng have been greatly improved, and it is well received by people. It can be used as a solo, ensemble, ensemble, as well as as an accompaniment to opera, opera, and dance.

The timbre of the guzheng is clear, noble, elegant, euphemistic and beautiful, with a unique charm that is far away.

How to play the strings. There are two basic ways to play the strings of the zheng: the pinching method and the lifting method. Pinch method:

The finger strumming direction is from the oblique top to the oblique bottom, the angle is 45 degrees, the blue is thick, and the sound quality is full. When playing, the ring finger is often naturally placed on the string of the zither, so that the hand has some support and keeps the hand naturally relaxed. The pinching method is the basic playing method for beginners to play the kite, and it is also the basic playing method of traditional techniques.

Lifting method: the finger string direction is from the oblique bottom to the oblique above, the angle is 45 degrees, the pronunciation is crisp, and the sound quality is clean. When playing, it is often unsupported and suspended.

During basic training, it is important not to tighten the hand shape, and it is still necessary to maintain the natural relaxation of the hand punishment. The lifting method is an important way to practice quickly.

In addition to these two basic string playing methods, the depth of the string, the adjustment of the angle of the string, and the difference in the speed and strength of the string all bring great changes to the pronunciation of the zheng. In the basic training, you must learn to master different methods of playing the strings, learn to adjust the angle, strength and speed of the strings, and freely apply them to the performance of the music.

During the Warring States Period from the 5th century BC to the 3rd century BC, it was spread in the area of the Qin State (now Shaanxi) at that time, and was also known as Qin.

Inner kite. Appearance. The guzheng is an ancient Han ethnic instrument. During the Warring States Period, it was prevalent in the "Qin" region, and the information cited in Sima Qian's "Historical Records" recorded in the "Book of Li Silie's Biography and Expulsion of Guests" is quite worthy of our attention. Li Si's "Book of Exhortations to the Guest" mentions a passage about the music and dance of the Qin Kingdom:

The husband strikes the urn, knocks, plays the kite, fights, and sings and whines. The voice of the true Qin is also. Zheng Weisang, Shaoyu, martial elephants, exotic pleasures.

It is also said that the zither was a weapon during the Warring States period, which was used to wave vertically and hit people. There is also an old saying that "the zither is a pleasure, and it becomes a soldier on the ground". Later, strings were added to it, and when plucked, it was found to be pleasant to the ear, so it developed into a musical instrument.

With the passage of time, weapons became lighter and lighter, and the zither, which was large in size and not light in weight, was abandoned. Therefore, the zithers that people see today are in the form of musical instruments, with beautiful forms and decorations.

In the Han Dynasty, Ying Shao's "Customs and Customs" contained: Zheng, "I would like to press the "Rites and Music", five strings, and build a body. Today, Liang Erzhou Zheng is like a seer, I don't know who changed it.

Or it is said that it was created by Meng Tian. From Ying Shao's "Customs and Customs", it can be seen that the system of Zheng before the Han Dynasty should be "five strings, build the body", but at that time, "and (Shan) Liang (Gansu) Erzhou Zheng is like a seer", Ying Shao does not know who made the reform, and also recorded the rumor of "made by Meng Tian", which shows that the Han Dynasty has spread the Zheng in the northwest region.

Strings bai

There are a total of twenty dudu one string zhi, close to the player's first dao

The first string is the lowest bass note of the zheng, twenty-first.

The ascending minor third of the string is the highest note of the zither. In the use of strings, according to different needs, and the copper wire strings.

Metal or nylon winding and other types of strings are properly configured. Due to the different uses, styles, and habits, there are also differences in configuration methods. There are mainly steel wire strings, and the appropriate configuration of metal winding strings or nylon winding strings; There was also Enni.

The dragon winds the strings, and the steel wire strings are appropriately configured; There are also those that are all wrapped with nylon or silk strings. The steel strings have a bright, winding tone.

The strings are full of timbre.

Description: In the string making profession, the steel wire string is called the bare string (the bare string is the opposite of the winding string), and the outer string is outsourced.

Strings that wrap around the skin are called winding strings. The strings that are wound are generally made of steel wire strings.

As early as the Warring States Period, the guzheng was popular in the Qin area, so it is also known as the Qin Zheng. In the long history that followed, the guzheng also changed and developed with the changes of history. The original guzheng was derived from a bamboo five-stringed instrument in the Warring States period, and developed into 12 strings in the Qin and Han dynasties, thirteen strings in the Tang and Song dynasties, 14 strings in the Yuan and Ming dynasties, and 16 strings in the Qing Dynasty, and gradually increased to 18 strings, 21 strings, 23 strings and even 25 strings in the sixties of the twentieth century, and in the seventies, there was a transposition of the zither again.

The strings of the zither have also been changed from silk strings to steel wire strings, nylon strings, etc., so that the sound range and expressiveness of the guzheng are wider and richer.

There was a guzheng during the Warring States period, but it was only in its embryonic state, and at the end of the Warring States period, the guzheng underwent a major change, and the number of strings increased to 12. The Han Dynasty guzheng should have 12 strings. Wang Zhaojun must have had a guzheng in that era.

Guzheng is an ancient national musical instrument, prevailed in the "Qin" land during the Warring States Period, there are two versions of the naming of the zheng, the right one says that it is split by Se, and the other is named because of the pronunciation of Zheng Zheng. In short, it is likely that the Zheng is a simple instrument made of five strings or less made of a large bamboo tube. The date is in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period or before the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and it is impossible to be in the Qin Dynasty after Qin Shi Huang unified China.

Since ancient times, Wang Zhaojun in literary and artistic works has always accompanied the pipa. However, Zhaojun, which is common in modern dramas, paintings, sculptures and other artistic images, is accompanied by a semi-pear-shaped pipa that was only available more than 400 years later than her, which is inconsistent with historical facts.

During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (14o BC - 87 BC), there were round speakers and straight-necked musical instruments similar to the modern "Ruan", which were called pipa in the documents of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 AD) to the Western Jin Dynasty (265-317 AD). Around 350 A.D., a semi-pear-shaped curved neck instrument introduced to China from India was also called the pipa. To distinguish them, people refer to the former as the Han pipa and the latter as the curved neck pipa.

The **, shape, and characteristics of these two kinds of pipa are completely different.