What are the characteristics of ancient scholars? Who was a scholar in ancient times?

1 Scholars were a specific social class with a certain status in ancient Chinese society.

2 The scholars of the Western Zhou Dynasty were the lowest rank in the aristocratic order;

3 In the Spring and Autumn Period, scholars took advantage of their familiarity with classical texts to give lectures, write books, and argue with each other.

4 During the Warring States period, some scholars traveled around the world in order to display their political ambitions, persuaded the monarch to adopt their own ideas, and were major participants in the reform and diplomacy of various countries. During the Warring States period, scholars boasted of "taking the world as their own responsibility".

In relations with the monarchs of various countries, the independence of personality is emphasized.

5 The behavior of scholars during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period had a profound impact on future generations.

6 Ancient Chinese scholars played a very important role in the creation and dissemination of culture: Ancient Chinese scholars were.

promoter of culture and education; is the main creator of literary works; It is also a promoter of scientific and technological progress.

The biggest feature is clothing In many ancient times, scholars, especially scholars in the imperial court, in addition to having to grow beards, are all dressed to show their identity, and can not be worn indiscriminately, for example, in the Ming Dynasty, only the first rank of the senior can use the jade belt, the next level of the rhino belt such an identity is not only to show off and self-affirmation, but also a way to identify each other's identity.

Light life, heavy righteousness, a word can go to death, you can understand it when you go to see the world of the great controversy in Yueguan.

Since the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, with the development of the imperial examination system and the donation system, the entire class of scholars, as bureaucrats, scholars, and doctors, has become more and more important than before, both in terms of the proportion of the population and in terms of their role in social life.

Shidafu is a general term for the bureaucratic humanistic intellectuals of ancient China. This is an elite social group, and China's ** selection system (referring to the imperial examination system) is the institutional guarantee for its formation. They are not only direct participants in national politics, but also creators and inheritors of Chinese culture and art.

This is a social group unique to Chinese civilization.

The class of scholars appeared very early on, and generally referred to people with certain talents. They often come from poor families or declining aristocracy, and rely on their own skills to attach themselves to the nobility and provide them with various services.

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were divided, and wars were frequent. Famous and wealthy princes and nobles from all over the world, such as Chun Shenjun and Meng Weijun, all took the "Yangshi" as the fashion, and at most they could reach thousands of people, and they also compared and showed off with each other. The allusion of Mao Sui's self-recommendation shows that there was no special standard for scholars at that time, and even claiming to be talented could persuade nobles to become a "scholar".

It was Confucius who put forward the theoretical criterion of the scholar. "The Analects of Zilu" Zigong asked: How can he be described as a man?

Confucius replied: It is shameful to do oneself, so that the Quartet does not dishonor the king's life, which can be described as a gentleman. That is to say, as long as a person who is strict with himself and loyal to the monarch and patriotic, he can be called a scholar.

Confucius's concepts of "shi" and "gentleman" basically overlap.

This spirit of warrior is more of a samurai in practice. For example, Jing Ke, who failed to assassinate King Yingzheng of Qin, made a bold statement before leaving: The wind is dashing and the water is cold, and the strong man will never return once he is gone This kind of heroic spirit and noble quality at the cost of his life for the mission entrusted by the king is regarded as a spiritual model.

This is also consistent with Confucius's assertion.

Simple explanation.

There is only one Son of Heaven, and the brothers of the Son of Heaven are made princes.

There is only one monarch in the vassal state, and the prince's subordinates or relatives are named secretaries.

There are many ministers in the vassal states, and the subordinates or relatives of the ministers are scholars.

Scholars are scholars, that is, the scholar class. Further down is the common people.

Therefore, the taxi can be said to be the dividing line between the aristocracy and the poor.

Is this explanation satisfactory?

taxi"It is the neutralization product of the Western Zhou Dynasty feudal system and patriarchal system. In ancient times, in the pre-Qin period, nobles were "scholars". From the Qin Dynasty onwards, the bureaucracy, including the aristocracy, was a scholar ......

The nobles took the family as the standard, and formed a privileged class in the landlord class in society. Controlled almost the entire superstructure of the country. Like the Prime Minister, the Great General, the Chinese Book Squire, the Shangshu, the Squire, the Standing Servant, the Imperial History, the Special Envoy, the Thorn History, the Taishou, the Horse, etc.

Taxis in history are:

Strategists: Ning Yue, Xu Shang, Su Qin, Du He;

Phases: Qi Ming, Zhou Shi, Chen Zhen, Zhao Hua, Lou Zhuan, Zhai Jing, Su Li, Le Yi;

Will: Wu Qi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Wang Liao, Tian Ji, Lian Po, Yue Luxury.

Scholars, in ancient times, referred to scholars, were also a general term for ancient Chinese literati and intellectuals. They learn knowledge, disseminate it.

Edition culture, politically.

The king of power is academically oriented, and he is between the Tao and the king. They are participants in national politics, and they are also the creators and inheritors of traditional Chinese culture. Scholars are a special identity that only existed in ancient China, and they are an elite social group unique to Chinese civilization.

For example, in the Ming Dynasty, only the first rank of the senior official could use the jade belt, and the next level of the rhino belt was not only to show off and self-affirmation, but also a way to identify each other's status.

Confucius, Qu Yuan, Li Si, Dong Zhongshu, Kong Rong, Wang Dao, Yang Su, Fang Xuanling, Wen Tianxiang, Xie Jin, Ji Xiaolan and so on.

It was first born in the Zhou Dynasty and was a social class. At that time, the ruling class of society was divided into: kings, dukes, marquis, uncles, sons, men, and scholars. Famous scholars include: Hou Ying, Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Feng Yuan, Jing Ke, Zhong Ziqi, Boya, Su Dai, Gao Yanli, Jieyu and others.

Explanation]: In ancient times, the so-called four people, the scriptures referred to scholars, farmers, workers, and merchants.

Tsai Dong Nai's "Huainan Trembling Zaozi Qi Folk Training": "It is a person who is not an official, an official who is not a worker, a farmer who is a businessman, a farmer who is different from another state, who is a farmer and a farmer, who is a farmer and a farmer, who is a man and a man, who is a farmer and a farmer, who is a man and a man, who ”

Shinong industry and commerce were arranged by the ancients in order of their contribution to society.

Why is the scholar ranked first: "Everything is inferior, only reading is high", virtue in the heart, meritorious service in the world, meritorious service in words, Ze is by posterity.

Why agriculture ranks second: "Cangqiao is honest and knows etiquette", "the people take food as the sky", "the family has surplus food, and the heart is not panicked", especially in the country where agriculture is mainly in the spring industry.

Why is work ranked third: "If you want to do a good job, you must first sharpen your tools", and you can improve efficiency with the help of tools.

Why is business ranked fourth: Business is interconnected, and it must rely on others before it can be done. Only a few can participate, and if everyone goes to business and depends on others, there is no one to rely on. The status of business is at the bottom, and there is a deep meaning that it is not prohibited or promoted.