The name of the ancient clock, what were the clocks in ancient times?

In ancient China, people invented many methods or tools for keeping time. The gui (pronounced guī) table is a simple and important instrument for measuring the heavens, which consists of a vertical table (usually eight feet high) and a horizontal gui table. It uses the principle of immediate results to measure the length of the sun's shadow.

The main function is to determine the location of the winter solstice day and then determine the length of the return year. In addition, by observing the changes in the surface shadow, the direction and solar terms can be determined. The sundial (pronounced guǐ), also known as the "day gauge", is another timekeeping instrument used to measure the time by using the sun's shadow in ancient China.

It usually consists of a copper hand and a stone disc. The copper hands are called "sundial needles", and the stone discs are called "sundial faces". When using, you can distinguish the different times by looking at the position of the shadow cast on the disk.

The sundial is accurate to the quarter (15 minutes). Copper kettle dripping is also known as "leaky carving" or "leaking pot". That is, a water holding tool with a small hole in the bottom of the pot or near the bottom is used to calculate the time by using the flowing water from the orifice to change the water level of the copper kettle.

The copper kettle drip invented in China is much earlier than the drip timer made in foreign countries, and it is widely used and has become an important tool for timekeeping in the past dynasties. In addition to the above timing methods, ancient Chinese people also used "hourglass", "fire timing", "candlelight timing" and other methods to keep time.

In ancient China, there were sundials (gui, the third tone), water clocks, fire bells, copper kettle dripping and other timers.

Sub-hour: 23 o'clock (the day before) - 1 o'clock Ugly time: 1 o'clock - 3 o'clock Yin hour:

3 o'clock - 5 o'clock Hour: 5 o'clock - 7 o'clock Hour: 7 o'clock - 9 o'clock Hour:

9 a.m. - 11 p.m. Afternoon: 11 a.m. - 13 p.m. Late hours: 1 p.m. to --15 p.m

15 o'clock - 17 o'clock unitary time: 17 o'clock - 19 o'clock 戌时: 19 o'clock - 21 o'clock Hai hour:

21 o'clock - 23 o'clock.

Nowadays we can tell the exact time just by looking at the clock, and we see this as a natural thing. But for thousands of years, there was no precise way to determine time. People judge time by the position of the sun in the sky, or by devices like sundials or hourglasses.

In an hourglass, the time is indicated by sand leaking down from a double-ended glass container.

So far, there are four generations of timepieces recorded in Chinese history: sundials, hourglasses, mechanical clocks, and quartz clocks. Quartz clocks are the most popular in the Chinese market.

Gui table Gui watch is the oldest timer in our country, the ancient classic book "Zhou Li" has a record about the use of Tu Gui, it can be seen that the history of Gui watch is quite long, Gui watch is the use of the length of the sun projection to judge the time. It consists of two parts, one is a benchmark or stone pillar that measures the shadow of the sun standing upright on the flat ground, called a table; One is due south.

Sundial A sundial is also an instrument that keeps time by observing the shadow of the sun, mainly according to the position of the shadow to determine the hour or tick at that time. Sundials have always been the usual timekeepers. The main components of the sundial are made of:

Both the omission and the omission are based on the shadow of the sun to calculate time, but it is rainy.

There are the following:

1. Gui watch: also known as, sundial, day rule. The "table" in Gui is a pole or stone pillar that stands vertically on the ground; "Kei" is a stone slab that stretches out from the heel of the watch in a horizontal position to the north.

Whenever the sun turns due south, the shadow falls on the surface. By measuring the length of the shadow, you can calculate the time of each solar term, such as the winter solstice and the summer solstice. When the shadow is the longest, the winter solstice has arrived; When the shortest socks are over, the summer solstice is coming.

Second, carved leakage, also known as leakage carving, leaky pot. There are two main types of leaky pots: draining type and receiving type. Most of the early leaks are drainage.

The water flows from the bottom side of the leaky pot, and the lattice fork and the tongue rise again, so that the leaky arrow floating on the water surface of the leaky pot descends with the water surface, and the scale on the leaky arrow indicates the time. Later, the water receiving type was created, in which water was injected into the receiving pot at a constant flow rate from the leaky kettle, and the leaky arrow floating on the water surface of the receiving kettle rose with the water surface to indicate the time, improving the accuracy of timekeeping.

3. Sundial, the original meaning of sundial refers to the shadow of the sun, and later refers to a timekeeping instrument that uses the shadow of the sun to measure the time in ancient times, also known as "day gauge". The principle is to use the direction of the sun's projection to determine and divide the time, which is usually composed of a sundial needle and a sundial surface.

Fourth, the incense seal bell. The incense seal bell is an ancient timepiece that became popular in China in the mid-12th century. In "The Legend of Di Renjie's Case Breaking", it also describes the use of incense seal bells in the Tang Dynasty court to keep time:

The incense seal bell is a plum blossom-shaped brass plate, there are five petals of plum blossoms in the plate, each petal of plum blossom is wrapped around a circle of incense, after burning, according to the degree of submergence of the incense to time.

Ancient bells were called percussion instruments.

It prevailed in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period until the Qin and Han dynasties, which was inseparable from the highly developed music rhythm, acoustics and bronze smelting and casting technology at that time. Because the bronze bell is solid and resistant to slippery and corrosion, although it has gone through two or three thousand years, it can still leave the authentic sound of ancient times.

In ancient times, bells were not only musical instruments, but also ritual instruments that symbolized status and power. The princes and nobles believed that the gods widely used Zhongle in various ceremonies, feasts and daily Yan music such as court appointments and sacrifices. Its shape is flat and round, it is in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period until the Qin and Han dynasties, it is mostly bronze, also called "chime", since Buddhism was introduced into China, it has gradually become a kind of synonym for religious instruments, also called "Brahma bell" or "half bell", originally called "Qianzhi" and also called "letter drum", is the temple for the time to tell the time, gather the crowd and beat it.

Summary. Hello dear dear, the ancient clocks have Gui watches, all kinds of day counties, various water clocks to time the number of drops, as well as sand clocks, fire clocks, candle clocks, bullet leaks engraved thousands of copper leaks, Yanyou drips, dragon boat incense leaks, fire dragon water, equatorial sun heat, equatorial theodolite, armillary sphere, etc.

Hello dear, the ancient clocks have Gui watches, all kinds of day counties, various water clocks to time the jujube core noise with dripping water and stool attendants, as well as sand clocks, fire clocks, candle clocks, bullet leaks engraved thousands of chapters of copper leaks, Yanyou dripping leaks, dragon boat incense leaks, fire dragon water, equatorial sun heat, equatorial theodolite, armillary sphere, etc.

Ancient Chinese timekeepers were founded no later than the Warring States period (476 BC to 222 BC). There are two main types of timers designed by applying mechanical principles: one is the use of fluid mechanics for timing, with engraved leaks and later hourglasses; A kind of divination is hidden with mechanical transmission to change the structure of the fight, including armillary sphere, water transport instrument elephant platform, etc. In addition, there are sundials that use astronomical principles (most of which determine time according to the direction of the sun's shadow) and are one of the oldest timekeepers in China.

1. Sub-time: The ancients called it the middle of the night, also known as the midnight and the middle of the night. The hours are from 11 p.m. to 1 p.m.

2. When the ugly cover is dug up: the ancients called it a rooster, also known as a wild chicken. The time is from 1 o'clock to 3 o'clock.

3. Yinshi: The ancients called Pingdan, also known as dawn, morning, and sun. The hours are from 3 a.m. to 5 a.m.

4. Mao time: The ancients called it sunrise, also known as the beginning of the sun, the dawn, and the rising sun. The hours are from 5 a.m. to 7 p.m.

5. Chenshi: The ancients called it the time of food, also known as morning food. Hours are from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m.

6. Si Shi: The ancients called Yuzhong, also known as Riyu. Hours are from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m.

7. Noon: The ancients called it the middle of the day, also known as the day and noon, and the time was from 11 o'clock to 13 o'clock.

8. Untimed: The ancients called the sun, also known as the sun, the sun, the time is from 13 o'clock to 15 o'clock.

9. Shen Shi: The ancients called it feeding time, also known as day shop, evening food and scattered letters, and the time was from 15 o'clock to 17 o'clock.

10. Unitary time: The ancients called it sunset, sunset, sunset, and evening. It will be from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m.

11. 戌时: The ancients called it dusk, also known as sunset, sunset, and evening. It will be from 7 p.m. to 9 p.m.

12. Hai Shi: The ancients called it a human setting, also known as a fixed dusk, a fixed dusk. The hours are from 9 p.m. to 11 p.m.