What is the content of the hypothesis of human nature, what is it about, what is it for?

There are 4 hypothetical theories of human nature. The differences are as follows:

1. The "homo economicus" hypothesis: (also known as: X theory).

It is believed that human behavior is in pursuit of their own best interests, and the main motive for work is to obtain financial rewards.

2. The "social person" hypothesis.

It is believed that the material benefits obtained by people in their work are the secondary aspects of mobilizing their enthusiasm, people attach importance to living in peace with the people around them, and good interpersonal relations are the decisive factors in mobilizing the enthusiasm of production.

3. The "self-actualized person" hypothesis: (also known as: Theory Y).

Advocate creating a favorable environment for employees, so as to give full play to their personal potential, expertise and creativity.

4. The "complex person" hypothesis: (also known as: super-Y theory).

Based on the fact that "people are complex", we expect a more reasonable explanation of people's needs and motivations for work.

Introduce. 1. The main motive of human work is social needs, people require a good working atmosphere, and they require the establishment of a good interpersonal relationship with colleagues, and obtain a basic sense of identity through the relationship with colleagues.

2. As a result of the industrial revolution and the rationalization of work, work has become monotonous and disorderly, so it is necessary to seek the meaning of work from the social reform of work.

3. Informal organizations are conducive to meeting people's social needs. Thus, the social impact of informal organizations has a greater impact on people than the economic incentives of formal organizations.

Sexual hypothesis theories include economic man, social man, self-actualized man, and complex man hypothesis.

1. Homo economicus is the main body of economic activities for the purpose of completely pursuing material interests, and people hope to get the maximum harvest with as little effort as possible, and can do whatever it takes to do so. "Homo economicus"It means rational economic man, which can also be called"Shili people"。

This is the classical management theory's view of people, that is, treating people as"Economic animals"To look at it, it is believed that all human behaviors are to maximize the satisfaction of their own selfish interests, and the purpose of work is only to obtain economic rewards.

2. The social person hypothesis is that employees who are active in society do not exist in isolation, but are "social people" who belong to a certain group and are social beings. People have social needs, relationships between people, and a sense of belonging to an organization motivate people's behavior more than economic rewards.

The "social person" not only has the motivation and need to pursue income, but also needs friendship, security, respect and belonging in life and work. Thus, the assumption of the "social person" opens up a new direction for management practice. The management theories of the "social man" hypothesis are mainly represented by Mayo, Maslow, Herzberg, and McGregor.

3. "Self-actualizing man" was proposed by Abraham Maslow, an American management scientist and psychologist. The so-called self-actualization refers to the fact that "people need to realize their potential and show their talents."

Only when people's potential is fully realized, and people's talents are fully manifested, can people feel the greatest satisfaction. This means that in addition to the above-mentioned social needs, people also have a desire to make the most of their abilities and realize their potential.

4. The "complex person" hypothesis is a hypothesis about human nature in modern Western management. It was proposed in the late 60s and early 70s of the 20th century. Think:

People are complex, not only do they differ from person to person in terms of abilities and needs, but they also behave differently at different ages, at different times, in different places, and on different occasions.

Everyone's needs and levels of need are different. As people grow older, their knowledge grows, their status changes, and their relationships change with each other, their needs and potentials change.

Evaluation

With the development of social productive forces, the intensification of competition between enterprises and the tension of labor-management relations in enterprises have made managers begin to re-understand"Humanity"Issue. from"Homo economicus"Assumptions to"Social man"assumptions; From task-centered management to employee-centered management, it is undoubtedly a step forward in management thinking and management methods.

The participation of capitalists in management and the satisfaction of some of the needs of workers have indeed played a role in easing the contradictions between labor and capital in enterprises. In this regard, many enterprises in the West, especially in the West, have achieved remarkable results. Be that as it may,"Social man"There are also inescapable limitations to assumptions.

The main content of the theory of the four hypotheses of human nature:

a) The "homo economicus" hypothesis.

"Homo economicus" is assumed to be based on Taylor.

A view of humanity on behalf of traditional managers. "Homo economicus" is assumed from hedonism.

From the point of view, it is believed that the purpose of all human actions is to maximize the pursuit of material interests and satisfy one's own selfish interests, and that work is to obtain the greatest economic reward.

b) The "social person" hypothesis.

The "social man" hypothesis was made by Harvard University.

Professor Mayo proposed. The hypothesis argues that good interpersonal relationships.

The decisive factor is to mobilize people's enthusiasm for production, and the purpose of people's work is to meet their own psychological needs.

c) The assumption of the "self-actualized man".

The so-called self-realization means that people need to give full play to their potential and show their talents, and only when people's potential is fully developed and expressed, people will feel the greatest satisfaction.

iv) "Complex person" hypothesis.

There are individual differences in people, and different people are different in all aspects; A person will behave differently at different ages, times, and places. Human needs and potentials vary with age, knowledge, status, and relationships.

The meaning of the "complex person" hypothesis

1. Human needs are diverse.

2. People will have various needs and motivations at the same time.

3. Due to the constant changes in working and living conditions, people will constantly generate new needs and motivations.

4. A person working in different units or different departments of the same unit will have different needs.

5. Due to the different needs and abilities of people, there will be different responses to different management methods.

The human nature hypothesis is the starting point of behavioral science management theory. Motivation theory is the core content of behavioral science, specifically, from three aspects: hierarchy of needs theory, behavior modification theory, and process analysis theory.

1. The assumption of human nature is the starting point of behavioral science management theory. Among them, the understanding of management objects in various periods and managers can be divided into six basic types: tool man hypothesis; the homo economicus hypothesis; social person hypothesis; the self-actualizing person hypothesis; complex man hypothesis; Decision-maker assumptions.

2. Motivation theory is the core content of behavioral science, specifically, from three aspects: hierarchy of needs theory, behavior transformation theory, and process analysis theory.

3. The theory of group behavior is an important pillar of behavioral science management theory, and mastering group psychology is an important part of studying group behavior.

4. Leadership behavior theory is an important part of behavioral science management theory, including the study of leaders' qualities, leadership behaviors, leadership ontology types, leadership styles, etc.

Features: 1. Take the human factor as the primary factor of management, emphasize people-centered management, and pay attention to the satisfaction of various needs of employees.

2. Comprehensively use the results of multiple disciplines, and use a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to improve the causal relationship between human behaviors and behaviors.

3. Pay attention to the integrity and overall development of the organization, and grasp the formal organization and informal organization, the manager and the managed as a whole.

4. Pay attention to the information circulation and feedback within the organization, replace command and supervision with communication, and pay attention to participatory management and self-management of employees.

5. Pay attention to internal management and ignore the influence of external factors such as market demand, social conditions, scientific and technological development, economic changes, and trade union organizations.

6. Emphasizing human feelings and social factors, ignoring the functions of formal organizations and the role of rational and economic factors in management.