The content of the three programs and eight articles is how to embody the personality ideal of the i

A summary of the central thesis of the Book of Rites and the University by a Chinese Song and Ming Dynasty theorist. In his book "Chapters and Verses of the University", Zhu Xi called the "program of the university" the three "clear and clear virtues", "close to the people", and "stopping at the highest goodness" put forward in the "university", and called the eight items of "learning things", "enlightenment", "sincerity", "righteousness", "self-cultivation", "unity of family", "governing the country", and "leveling the world"."University entries"。Later generations called it the "Three Programs and Eight Articles", referred to as the "Three Programs and Eight Items".

The three programs and eight articles became an important part of the feudal political ethics and philosophy in later generations. Zhu Xi thought that this was a lack of originality, so he supplemented the chapter of "Gewu Zhizhichuan", which concisely expressed his own objective idealist epistemological viewpoint and added philosophical content to the "University" that was not originally available. Since then, there have been debates between different factions within the Physicists, as well as between theorists and anti-theorists, around the issue of "learning from things", which objectively promoted the development of theoretical thinking and enriched the history of philosophy in the later period of Chinese feudal society.

Three programs: Mingmingde, close to the people, and stop at perfection.

Eight items: Gewu, Zhizhi, sincerity, righteousness, self-cultivation, Qi family, governing the country, and leveling the world.

Mingde is the nature of everyone who is endowed with heaven, the most spiritual and unpolluted, and it is able to communicate with heaven and earth. Knowing the goodness of one's own nature, it is to help others get rid of what pollutes their minds. Perfection refers to the greatest freedom of the mind, to the unity of nature and the development of things.

Knowing things, experiencing things, manipulating things, and seeking true knowledge. Be honest in your thoughts, and get rid of all kinds of uneasy emotions. Self-cultivation and family building, governing the country and leveling the world, refers to constantly improving one's moral cultivation, tidying up one's own family, practicing rule by virtue, and governing the world with benevolence.

The "Three Programs" and the "Eight Articles" are the embodiment of the Inner Sage and the Outer King. The "three programs" are: Ming Mingde, close to the people, stop at the best, and pay attention to the unity of self and the people.

The eight items are: Gewu, Zhizhi, sincerity, righteousness, self-cultivation, Qi family, governing the country, and leveling the world. These eight items are also regarded as a concrete way to achieve the Confucian "inner sage and outer king".

The Confucian "inner sage and outer king" is most concisely summarized as "cultivating Qi and ruling peace", that is, "self-cultivation, family harmony, governing the country, and leveling the world".

It can be said that "inner sage and outer king" is the core value concept of the Confucian ideological system. The unity of the "inner sage" and the "outer king" is the combination of learning and deeds, the combination of the inner world and the outer world, and is therefore regarded as the embodiment of a perfect personality.

The so-called "Confucianism" "University" actually embodies a process from spiritual order to social order, from inner cultivation to external strength.

The ideal of Confucianism "inner sage and outer king" is the pursuit of sage weather, and the pursuit in the real world is a kind of gentleman's personality, which is a gentleman's personality of both rigid and soft, both internal and external, and the unity of the universe and kun, the so-called "Tianxingjian, the gentleman is constantly striving for self-improvement" and "the terrain is kun, and the gentleman is carrying things with virtue". The behavior of a Confucian gentleman is the behavior of "being strong and promising", and it is the tenacity and persistence of "knowing that he cannot do it".

Confucianism integrates the "inner sage" with the "outer king", so Confucianism has always advocated the creation of the three immortal values of "virtue, meritorious service, and speech", which is the pursuit of the "inner sage and outer king". In Chinese history, there are many such great Confucians, such as Fan Zhongyan, Wang Yangming, Zeng Guofan, etc., who not only have a high level of self-cultivation, but also have made achievements in their deeds, becoming the real "three immortals" of Confucianism.

It should be pointed out that although the "inner sage and outer king" embodies the highest ideal personality and value pursuit of Confucianism, the idea of "inner sage and outer king" often appears in traditional Chinese society. It can be seen that the integration of the two is very difficult.

In any case, the Confucian idea of "inner sage and outer king", as a kind of personality cultivation, advocates the unity of "virtue" and "meritorious service", which has its own value that cannot be ignored even today. In Chinese culture, since ancient times, there has been the so-called value pursuit of "being poor and helping the world", which is also a vivid portrayal of the inner saint and the outer king.

In the real society, the ideal of "inner saint and outer king" is inspired by each of our leading cadres. We must enrich our inner world, improve our ideological realm, and strive to be close to the people, work all night for the public, and achieve the deeds of foreign kings. The pursuit of the inner saint and the outer king is to "reassure others" in "self-cultivation" and truly achieve "virtue" in governing people.

Under the conditions of the market economy, it is all the more necessary for us to constantly reflect, review our words and deeds, and consider the norms of our personal behavior, so as to truly make our inner world strong and enable us to realize our ideal of helping the people through the world.

How can it be tight. Confucianism is mainly about ethics.