What are the main aspects of the transformation of the glyph composition of the seal script in Lishu

First, the changes that have occurred.

1. From the small seal to the official script, it is the biggest change in the font, and it is the turning point of the ancient script to the modern script.

The "change of Lishu" from Xiao Seal to Lishu is a major calligraphy cultural event in the history of Chinese calligraphy. The internal motivation for the change was to adapt to the requirements of social development at that time for the use of words.

The subordinate change is mainly manifested in two aspects: one is the change of the glyph structure, which is not only the transformation of the glyph structure of the traditional seal script, but also the main direction of this transformation is simplification; The second is the change in the way of writing, which is not only to change the original way of writing in the traditional seal script, but also to make it simple and convenient."

The simplification of the glyph structure and the simplicity and convenience of the writing method are not only for the improvement of the writing speed, but also because it contains the internal writing movement situation that is more in line with the physiological movement trajectory of people, so that the official script was widely used at the turn of the Qin and Han dynasties with the political replacement and finally completely replaced the seal script.

2. The glyph structure of the small seal is broken, the pictographic meaning is weak, and the symbolism is strengthened.

The small seal strokes are horizontal and vertical, round and even, and the thickness is basically the same. All horizontal and vertical paintings are equidistant and parallel, all strokes are mainly circles, the circle is round, the circle is round, the circle is round, and the circle is square, so that the circle is alive and full of fun.

Lishu is also called "Lizi" and "Ancient Book". It is a font produced on the basis of seal script to meet the needs of convenient writing. The small seal is simplified, and the uniform and round lines of the small seal are turned into straight and square strokes, which are easy to write.

The glyphs of Lishu are mostly wide and flat, the horizontal painting is long and the vertical painting is short, pay attention to the "silkworm head and goose tail", "wave and three twists and turns".

3. The small seal has become a official script, and the basic pattern of modern character strokes has been formed.

The small seal and the official script are actually two systems that mark two major stages in the development of Chinese characters. In the Han and Han dynasties, Lishu not only eventually formed its own independent character and aesthetic characteristics through the process of subordination, but also had an overall tendency to develop in the direction of sloppiness and standardization.

On the one hand, in the extreme of overemphasizing the convenience of writing, Lishu gradually departed from the original practical position of Lishu, and then in the process of continuous drafting, due to the different movement of writing, it finally formed what we call Zhangcao and Jincao. On the other hand, it shows the normative construction of the original writing form of Lishu, and this normative construction is premised on the establishment of formal order. This is because the stability of the formal order of writing has a direct impact on the smooth flow of national cultural exchanges and social progress.

Second, the origin of the small seal and the official book.

1. Small seal. The small seal was in charge of Prime Minister Li Si, and on the basis of the original Great Seal script used by the Qin State, it was simplified, the other six languages were abolished, and a unified Chinese character writing form was created. The small seal remained popular in China until the end of the Western Han Dynasty (c. 8 AD), when it was gradually replaced by Lishu. However, due to its beautiful font, it has always been favored by calligraphers.

2. Lishu. Lishu, there are Qin Li, Han Li, etc., it is generally believed that it is developed from the seal book, the glyph is mostly wide and flat, the horizontal painting is long and the vertical painting is short, pay attention to the "silkworm head and goose tail", "a wave of three folds". According to the excavated slips, Lishu originated in the Warring States period. Legend Cheng Miao was a li, Han Li reached its peak in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and had a non-negligible influence on later generations of calligraphy, and the calligraphy world is known as "Han Li Tang Kai".

Seal calligraphy penmanship is thin and straight, more curves, less straight lines, the pen has a square pen, a round pen, a sharp pen, and the pen "hanging needle" is more. Seal script is divided into: large seal, small seal, the shape of the large seal is uniform and neat, and the font is easier to write than the script; The small seal is also called the Qin seal, which is the common script of the Qin State.

Lishu is characterized by the horizontal (left and right) to take the potential, the glyph is flat, the stroke shrinks the longitudinal gesture and strengthens the horizontal division, the silkworm head, in the process of using the pen to hide (reverse) the front, at the same time, the shape of the stroke formed by the pen process is written into a shape similar to the silkworm head, the pen swallowtail, the pen is closed to the upper right obliquely after the pen is picked up to the front, the circle is square, and the arc is.

The basic types of official scripts and their respective characteristics are as follows:

One. The basic type of official script: the Chinese character script that prevailed after the small seal.

Lishu is also known as Zuoli, Tuli, Lizi, Liwen, Zuoshu, Jinwen, Shishu and so on. With the development of the times, there are Qin Li, Han Li, Gu Li, Eight Points, Feibai, and Sanli. The Eastern Han Dynasty was the heyday of official scripts, and after the Wei and Jin dynasties, it was replaced by regular scripts and was only used for law scripts.

Two. Features of Lishu:

1. The glyph is flat, and the left and right stretch the glyph flat square and the left and right are divided into the normal state of the longitudinal potential of the Lizi, and the horizontal (left and right) is changed to take the potential, resulting in the glyph is still flat, and the strokes shrink the longitudinal gesture and strengthen the horizontal division.

2. Silkworm head pen swallowtail, which is a typical feature of the official pen, especially the main pen horizontal and painting in the official character are almost all used in this method.

3. Turn the circle into a square, if you don't understand the circle of the seal book, it is not easy to grasp the square of the official book. Because the straight drawing or square fold in the official pen all contain the arc of the seal character, so the straight of the official pen often has obvious fluctuations.

4. Strengthen the press, compared with the seal script, the official book emphasizes the action of lifting the press, forming a significant thickness and vicarious change of stroke trajectory, and the three processes of starting, running and closing the pen have been clearly reflected.

As we all know, the official book is developed from the seal script, and the official book is the simplification of the seal script, the circle into the square, and the arc into the straight. It has a neat structure, solemn and generous, and at first glance it looks particularly neat, and if you look closely, you will find that the pen of Lishu is round and strong.

Lishu is a new font after the seal script + right or wrong.

That's right. Lishu is one of the magnificent treasures in the treasure house of calligraphy art in our country, it has a long history, runs through ancient and modern times, is the second largest calligraphy body since our country has documents, Zheng Guanqin, Han, Wei, Jin six dynasties sell Shen Song, on behalf of the seal book and prevail in the world. After the Tang Dynasty, although regular script occupied a dominant position, official script was still popular to this day.

Due to the neat structure of the official calligraphy, the penmanship is full of changes, solemn and generous, and the artistry is still willing to be applied by people. It is a variant of seal script, the predecessor of regular script, following the Zhou and Qin dynasties and opening the Wei and Jin dynasties, and is an important symbol of the evolution of Chinese characters and calligraphy. Lishu font penmanship square circle and use, reverse front, Tibetan front, back to the front and apply, the line of the pen is the center, the front of the side of the front, its typical penmanship, is the wave potential, with the method of picking, so there is also a "silkworm head phoenix tail" of the filial piety grandson said.