What does it mean to know things? What does it mean to know things?

Gewu Zhizhi is an important concept in ancient Chinese Confucianism, which originates from the Eight Eyes of the Book of Rites and Universities - Gewu, Zhizhi, Sincerity, Righteousness, Self-cultivation, Qi Family, Governing the Country, and Leveling the World, which discusses "Those who want to be sincere in their intentions should first know them; Enlightenment is in Gewu. The character of the object is then known, and the meaning is then sincere". However, only this paragraph mentions "Gewu Zhizhi" in the "University" text, but no explanation is given afterwards, and there is no pre-Qin ancient book that uses the terms "Gewu" and "Zhizhi" for reference, so that the true meaning of "Gewu Zhizhi" has become a difficult mystery in Confucianism.

The fifth edition of the Modern Chinese Dictionary in 2005 explained "Gewu Zhizhi" as: "to deduce the principles and laws of things and summarize them as rational knowledge." ”

If I help you, praise! Thank you!

Heaven and earth.

Study and learn from nature. JG: Go.

Matter: Phase. To: Yes.

Know: Heart (Mingde).

Gewu Zhizhi: remove the appearance of things, and reveal the original of the heart. That is, Ming Mingde.

Confucian kung fu to the home, that is, "there is nothing originally, where is the dust?" ”

It can be seen that Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are originally a family, and there is only a difference between high and low realms.

From "The Book of Rites and Universities": "Enlightenment is in the object, and the object is then known." It means to study the principles of things in order to gain knowledge.

The idiom of learning from things is a well-known idiom, which is an important proposition in ancient Chinese epistemology, and has an ideological impact on the development of ancient science.

This term was first used in the pre-Qin classic The Book of Rites and Universities, which is the first two stages of the eight stages of Confucian education proposed in the book: "The ancients wanted to be clear and virtuous in the world, and they should rule their country first; Those who want to rule their country must first gather their families; Those who want to gather their families must first cultivate their bodies; Those who want to cultivate their bodies must first correct their hearts; Those who want to correct their hearts must first be sincere; If you want to be sincere, you should know it first. Enlightenment is in Gewu.

Gewu and then know, know and then sincerity, sincerity and then the heart, the heart is right and then the body, the body is cultivated and then the family, the family is together and then the country, the country is governed and then the world is peaceful".

This passage is a phased behavioral goal put forward by the Confucian school in order to realize its political ideas of self-cultivation, unity of family, governance of the country, and peace in the world. The beginning of this procedural program of conduct is the knowledge of things. It can be seen that the knowledge of things does have an extremely important position in Confucianism.

The true meaning of knowledge is to exhaustively study the principles and laws of things and summarize them into rational knowledge.

The term "Gewu Zhizhi" comes from "University". Gewu Zhizhi is a very important philosophical concept of Confucianism. Zhu Xi of the Northern Song Dynasty believed that those who know things should do their best to know what they know, and they will exhaust their reasoning when they are about things.

This is Zhu Zi's most general and precise expression of Gewu Zhizhi.

The way to do things.

At first, we take our hearts to the stone to grind out those hearts, thoughts, intentions, desires and other things, which is the so-called process of "looking at things with me", but in the end, we want to get rid of this state and achieve "seeing things with things", and things are like appearing. There are things when there are things, and there are nothing when they are checked.

For another example, the object is like hitting a bell, and the knowledge is like listening to the bell. "Gewu" is a thing, and it is something that needs to be done with effort, but "enlightenment" is not a thing, it comes naturally.

So to put it simply, you use the knowledge you have learned to analyze and judge the people and things around you. In today's terms, burying the calendar is to establish and improve the three views. Enlightenment is to know how to distinguish between truth and falsehood in the "heart", and at the same time, to further understand oneself when in contact with other people and things, and to better find one's own positioning.

Only then can we be sincere, that is, we really do not deceive our "true heart". The second is to have a righteous heart, that is, there is no vanity and illusion in the heart. In the end, you can cultivate yourself and be a virtuous person.

Gewu Zhizhi: It is an important concept in ancient Chinese Confucianism, which is a discipline of Confucianism specializing in the study of physics, which has been lost, and originates from the "Book of Rites University" Eight Eyes - Gewu, Zhizhi, Sincerity, Righteousness, Self-cultivation, Qi Family, Governing the Country, and Leveling the World - "Those who want to be sincere in their intentions should first know it; Enlightenment is in Gewu. The character of the object is then known, and the meaning is then sincere".

However, only this paragraph mentions "Gewu Zhizhi" in the "University" text, but no explanation is given afterwards, and no pre-Qin ancient books use the words "Gewu" and "Zhizhi" to refer to the meaning, so that the true meaning of "Gewu Zhizhi" has become a difficult mystery in Confucianism.

Sincerity, idiom, as a predicate, definite, was originally a cultivation method advocated by Confucianism, and now it also refers to the upright and sincere heart. From "The Book of Rites University":"Those who want to correct their hearts must first be sincere; "

Self-cultivation Qi family rules the country and level the world: "The Book of Rites and the University":"Those who want to be clear and virtuous in the world will rule the country first; Those who want to rule their country must first gather their families; Those who want to gather their families must first cultivate their bodies; Those who want to cultivate their bodies should first correct their hearts; Those who want to correct their hearts must first be sincere; If you want to be sincere, you must first know it, and you will know it in Gewu.

Character and then know, know and then sincerity, sincerity and then heart, heart and then body cultivation, body cultivation and then family Qi, family Qi and then national governance, national governance and then the world peace. "The translation of the character and then knowing the truth is to make one's own mind clear and distinguish between right and wrong by lowering one's desires and reducing one's greed. After the righteous mind is clear, we must strive to be sincere in all aspects of dealing with people and things, and strive to cut off evil and cultivate good, so that over time, our self-cultivation will rise and become wise.

At this time, you can run your own family well. The family is the epitome of the country, and those who run their own families well will certainly be able to govern the country well. A person who can govern his country well will definitely make the world full of harmony and peace.

Sincerely"The meaning of this word is: character, which refers to character, character, style, etc.; to, which refers to pursuing, chasing, pursuing, etc.; Sincerity refers to sincerity, honesty, trustworthiness, etc. Taken together, it is leaking wisdom,"Sincerely"It means that a person or thing should have a good character, pursue the right goal, and maintain a sincere attitude to achieve that goal.

The ** of this word can be traced back to a sentence in the Analects: "A gentleman thinks about trouble and prepares for it, and does not wait for future troubles and then saves it, so as not to go to prison." Among them, there are two key words: "Yu" and "defense".

In return to this answer"Ge Zhi Biancheng"In the interpretation,"To"The meaning comes from this "Yu", and"grid"and "sincerity" are two other words associated with "prevention".

Therefore,"Sincerely"It is a word with deep cultural connotation, and its meaning is to uphold good qualities, pursue goals in the right direction, and adhere to a sincere attitude to achieve one's ideals and ambitions.

The spirit of learning from things means the principle of things, and gaining wisdom from it or feeling some kind of experience from it.

"Gewu Zhikuan Grip and Block Knowledge" contains the spirit of "seeking truth from facts", but its connotation is far richer than "seeking truth from facts". The difference between the popular view today and Zhu Xi's view is in the interpretation of "enlightenment".

Zhu Xi's so-called "knowledge" is intellectuality, which includes wisdom, experience, perception and knowledge, while the "knowledge" in the modern popular view only refers to knowledge, and this conceptual variation may be due to the influence of the popular materialist view in today's society.

The spirit of learning is the best thing to get a correct understanding after the reason, after the correct understanding can we think of the real city, after the idea is sincere, we can correct the mind, after the mind is correct, we can cultivate good morality, and the family can adjust the family after the cultivation of the family, and the family can govern the country after the family is prudent and tidy, and the country can be peaceful after the country is governed.

Exhaustively study the principles of things, so as to gain knowledge. Pinyin: gé wù zhì zhī.

Zhuyin: Interpretation: Ge: Inference; To: Seeking. Exhaustively study the principles of things, so as to gain knowledge.

Source: Dai Sheng's "Liji University" in the Western Han Dynasty: "Those who want to be sincere in their intentions must first know it, and they will know it in Gewu." ”

Example: Gu Bi Xiyang takes the knowledge of things as the beginning of learning, and China is not uncloudy, why is it so that the people search for wisdom and wisdom? (Yan Fu "Yuan Qiang").

Usage: Linked; as a predicate; It refers to the study of the principles of things and the acquisition of knowledge.

Feelings: Gewu Zhizhi is a neutral word.

Synonym: Zhizhi Gewu.

Synonyms explained:Zhizhi Gewu. Pinyin: zhì zhī gé wù.

Zhuyin: Interpretation: Enlightenment: Acquisition of knowledge; Gewu: Reasoning. Gain knowledge and deduce the principles of things.

Source: Sima Qian's "Book of Rites and Universities" in the Western Han Dynasty: "Those who want to correct their hearts are sincere in their intentions, and those who want to be sincere in their intentions are sold in their first lives, and they are known in Gewu." ”

Usage: as an object, a definite; Used in written language.

Feelings: Zhizhi Gewu is a neutral word.

Synonyms: Gewu Zhizhi.

The meaning of Gewu Zhizhi is to ** the principle of things, so as to obtain knowledge. The phrase comes from the Book of Rites and Universities.

Grid: inference; To: Seeking. It means the principle of things, and from it to get wisdom (or to feel some kind of experience).

The source of the word is "The Book of Rites and the University", and the original sentence of the shouting is: Zhizhi is in the grid of things, and the grid of things is scattered and the lead is dispersed. (The way to acquire knowledge is to know and study everything, and knowledge will naturally be obtained after understanding and studying everything thoroughly.) ）

Zheng Xuan of the Eastern Han Dynasty was the first to make annotations for "Gewu Zhizhi", and since Song Confucianism separated the "University" from the "Book of Rites" to become a part of the "Four Books", to the present day. Zhu Xi has a very deep study of the problem of the knowledge of things, and for this problem, Zhu Xi wrote a special article entitled "Supplement to the University of Gewu Zhizhi", and put forward an epistemological outline of the knowledge of things, that is, the theory of the poor of things.