Ask about the classification of ancient Chinese porcelain, as well as the famous categories of major

There were eight famous kilns in ancient China, namely: Yue kiln, Yaozhou kiln, Longquan kiln, Ding kiln, Cizhou kiln, Jun kiln, Jingdezhen kiln and Jian kiln.

1. Yue kiln: Yue kiln is distributed in the Ningshao Plain of Zhejiang. The kilns are mainly located in Shangyu, Yuyao, Cixi, Ningbo and other places in present-day Zhejiang Province. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty began to produce, through the Three Kingdoms, the Two Jin Dynasties, the Southern Dynasties, the Tang Dynasty, until the Song Dynasty, it has continued for more than 1,000 years.

Main features: mainly produces celadon. The Yue kiln of the Song Dynasty was no different from the five dynasties in the production of tire glaze. The shape of the Northern Song Dynasty was more exquisite, there were many decoration methods, and fine line and flower decoration were more common. It has a great impact on the surrounding kiln mouths.

2. Yaozhou kiln:

Yaozhou kiln is located in Huangbao Town, Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province. It was created in the Tang Dynasty, and the early Song Dynasty of the Five Dynasties was influenced by the Yue kiln to burn celadon. The Song and Jin dynasties were extremely prosperous, and the end of the Jin dynasty went into decline.

Main features: early Northern Song Dynasty, fetal blue-gray, glaze green and yellow. Bowl of somen noodles.

In the middle stage, the glaze color tends to be stable, the porcelain tire becomes thinner, the glaze is uniform, and the output is large. The shape is diverse, decorated with prints, carved flowers, and "half knife clay" is the most distinctive. The ornamentation is mostly floral.

The glaze shape of the late tire is no different from that of the middle stage, with thinner tires, smaller shapes, full ornamentation, and improved quality. The quality of the Jin Dynasty has declined.

3. Longquan kiln:

Longquan kiln is located in Longquan, Zhejiang, which was burned in the Five Dynasties and fell until the Qing Dynasty. In the fifth dynasty, celadon was burned under the influence of the Yue kiln. The porcelain fetus soil is dense, the glass texture is strong, and the tire color is gray and white, and the glaze is blue.

Decorated with fine lines and scratches. During the Southern Song Dynasty, white-born celadon (mainstream) and black-born celadon (characterized by purple iron feet) were developed.

4. Dingyao: The main production area of Dingyao is Jianci Village, Quyang County, Hebei Province. Dingyao was created and fired in the late Tang Dynasty, and became a huge white porcelain system through the five dynasties and the Song and Jin dynasties.

Main features: the tire is thin and light, the tire color is white and yellowish, firm, not too transparent, the glaze is beige, the glaze is very thin, and the tire can be seen. The shape of the vessel is mostly bowls, plates, bottles, plates, boxes and pillows, and the decoration techniques are mainly white glaze printing, white glaze engraving and white glaze scratching. The overburning method was invented.

5. Cizhou kiln:

Cizhou kiln site in Guantai Town, Cixian County, Handan, Hebei Province, created in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, and reached its peak, the Southern Song Dynasty, Liao, Jinyuan, Ming and Qing dynasties still continue to fire.

Main features: the main production of folk kilns, large output, there is no shortage of high-quality products. The varieties include black porcelain, white porcelain, green porcelain, painted porcelain, etc. The decoration methods are mainly scratched flowers and underglaze painting, and the forms are diverse.

6. Jun kiln: Jun kiln is located in Yu County, Henan Province, founded in the Tang Dynasty, through the Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties.

Main features: delicate fetal quality, thick glaze layer, glaze color rose purple, begonia red, eggplant purple, sky blue, rouge, cinnabar, and red and blue kiln change. There are many types of utensils, but flower pots are the most outstanding. "Earthworms walk mud patterns" is one of its major characteristics.

7. Jingdezhen kiln:

Jingdezhen kiln is located in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province. It was first burned in the fifth generation and is still being fired today.

Main features: Different varieties of firing are different in different periods, but the porcelain quality is higher. The representative is the blue and white porcelain of the Song Dynasty, the blue and white porcelain of the Ming and Qing dynasties, etc.

8. Build a kiln. The kiln was built in Shuiji Town, Jianyang County, Fujian. It began in the late Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty, and declined in the Yuan Dynasty.

Main features: fired celadon, black glazed porcelain, blue and white porcelain, etc. Black porcelain is the most. The most famous shape of the vessel is the bowl (cup). The decoration is mainly a variety of kiln changes, but there are also other exquisite decorations.

Five Famous Kilns: China Ru KilnRu Kiln is one of the "Five Famous Kilns" of the Song Dynasty. In the past, it was always thought that the Ruyao kiln site was in Linru County, but after archaeologists carried out a lot of investigation and excavation work in Linru, Henan, they still "stepped on the iron shoes and found nowhere to find". At the end of 1986, archaeologists conducted field investigations again, and finally found the Ru kiln site in Qingliang Temple, Daying Town, Baofeng County, which is adjacent to Linru, and unearthed 22 complete pieces of porcelain used in the palace, thus revealing the mystery of Rugong porcelain.

Baofeng County belonged to Ruzhou in the Song Dynasty, hence the name. China's official kiln official kiln porcelain is one of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty in China, and the kiln site of the official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty has not been found so far. In 1127 A.D., after the Song dynasty moved south to Lin'an (now Hangzhou), in order to meet the porcelain needs of the court and dignitaries, it successively established the official kiln of Xiu Nei and the official kiln of the suburban altar.

The past dynasties have a high evaluation of the official kiln, and Chen Liu of the Qing Dynasty praised in "Tao Ya": "The official kiln of the Song Dynasty will never be seen, and the world will rarely know it." "When the Chinese Jun kiln monopolized the porcelain altar in the Song Dynasty, the Jun kiln fired a complex flower-glazed porcelain, which is a famous kiln that has sprung up, and its kiln site is in Juntai and Bagua Cave in Yu County, Henan Province.

Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty will set Jun porcelain as a royal treasure, which shows that it is extraordinary. China's kiln porcelain is the Song Dynasty official, brother, Ru

1. Ru kiln. Mainly celadon, "glaze azure", "crab claw pattern", "fragrant gray tire" and "sesame nail" are important bases for identifying Ru kiln. Among them, the crab claw pattern refers to the glazed opening piece.

The texture of the hairs is tied together.

"Sesame nails" is because the feet are supported by very small nails during firing, and then the Ru kiln porcelain is burned in the air. After the porcelain fired in this way is fired, there will be several points on the bottom glaze. Ru kiln porcelain carcass is generally thinner, the glaze layer is thicker, there is a jade-like texture, the glaze has a very fine opening piece, and the shape is more solemn and generous.

2. The porcelain of the official kiln of the Song Dynasty is mainly plain, with no gorgeous carving and no colorful painting, and the most concave and convex straight edges and chord patterns are used for decoration. Its tire color is iron black, the glaze is pink and green, and the "purple iron foot" adds a simple and elegant beauty.

"Purple iron foot" refers to the iron content in the celadon fetal material is as high, resulting in gray or gray-purple exposure at the thin glaze of the mouth edge of the product, and black-brown or dark gray at the bottom of the glaze. In addition to the common plates, plates, washes, etc., there are also many styles of bottles and furnaces in the bronze ware of the imitation Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han dynasties.

3. In the firing process of many porcelain, in order to pursue the process, it is generally not allowed to have too many glazed cracks, but the brother kiln has brought the beauty of "open piece" to the extreme, resulting in the typical characteristics of the brother kiln of "gold wire iron wire".

Due to the different sizes and depths of the opening piece, the exposed parts of the carcass are not the same due to oxidation or contamination, resulting in different color lines of the opening piece. Brother kiln porcelain.

The glazed large opening is iron-black, called "iron wire", and the small opening is golden-yellow, called "gold wire". The "gold wire" makes the calm glaze produce rhythmic beauty. The porcelain of the Song Dynasty kiln was mainly plated, bowled, bottled, washed, etc.

4. The typical feature of Jun kiln is "earthworm."

Walking mud pattern", its formation is due to Jun porcelain.

The glaze is thick and viscous, so when it cools, some of the places between the open and non-open pieces are filled with glaze, and there will be traces like earthworms crawling over the wetland after the rain has passed.

5. The reason why the kiln can be prominent in the world is that on the one hand, it is due to the warm white color in the tone, and the thin and lubricated glaze white is slightly yellow, giving people a moist and quiet beauty, and on the other hand, because it is good at using printing, carving, scratching and other decorative techniques, the white porcelain has been pushed to a new stage from plain white decoration.

The shape of the kiln is most common in plates and bowls. Yuan.

The literati Liu Qi in his "Returning to the Hidden Chronicles".

He once wrote an article praising the exquisiteness of the Dingyao, saying "Dingzhou."

Flower porcelain ou, the color of the world is white".

The five famous kilns are: Jun kiln, Ru kiln, official kiln, Ding kiln, and Ge kiln.

Its characteristics are:

Jun kiln: the first of the five famous porcelain, the color of each piece of ware is not the same, there will be red, white, yellow, blue and other different colors, the body is also covered with pearl dots, rabbit silk patterns, caviar patterns and twists and turns of earthworms walking mud source patterns and other vivid and wonderful flow patterns to give people infinite reverie space.

Ru kiln: the unique temperament of the glaze, such as the softness and purity of the sky gradually clearing after the rain, in the firing, the use of extremely complex nail firing, so that the glaze at the bottom is complete. The nails have also become an important factor in the identification of Ru kilns.

Official kiln: It has both open slag and no pieces, and it is also an opalescent glaze, or an iron tire (with high iron content, and the tensile force is very large when the tire is fired, which is prone to opening, deformation, and cracks).

Dingyao: mainly burns white glaze, characterized by thin tires, printed hall beams, carved flowers, aesthetic style and elegance.

Brother kiln: Brother kiln tire purple black, iron black, also yellow-brown, glaze for the opaque glaze, glaze with a layer of crisp, glaze to fried beige, gray and green are more common, glaze size grain piece combination, the most obvious feature is gold wire.

1. Ru kiln. Ru kiln is one of the five famous kiln porcelain of the Qin Sui, and it is also the first of the five famous porcelain of the Song Dynasty, it is characterized by the existence of few unpatterned pieces, and the depth and length of the grain are staggered, dense but not chaotic. And the celadon fired in Ru kiln is the most exquisite, with a fine fetal quality and different shades of fragrant gray.

2. Jun kiln. The basic glaze color of Jun kiln is a variety of cyan colors, which can be divided into three categories: sky blue, azure, and moon white. Due to the penetration of copper red glaze into the glaze, the finished product will have an unpredictable red kiln change.

The whole utensils are red and purple, blue and white, and the glaze blends with each other to produce countless colors.

1. Kiln changes of different shapes.

3. Official kiln. The glaze color of the official kiln porcelain of the Northern Song Dynasty is mainly pink and blue, moon white, and the glaze surface has reddish-brown or colorless flakes, which are sparse or dense and clearly recognizable. The glaze color of the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln is mainly pink and blue, and there are flakes on the surface, and the bottom of the utensils, the edge of the mouth, and the thin edge of the glaze will be burned into purple brown, which is called "purple iron foot" in the industry.

4. Brother kiln. The more significant feature of Ge kiln porcelain is that the whole body is full of open pieces, the size of the grain is the same, the large piece is iron black, and the small piece is golden yellow, which is called "gold wire iron wire". The glaze color is mostly gray and blue, and there are also moon white, pink blue, beige and other colors.

5. Fixing the kiln. The characteristics of the kiln are that the fetal bone is delicate and white, light and beautiful, the first kiln of the early Song Dynasty will be decorated by the method of carving, and the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty began to use printing decoration, the decoration is mostly in the bowl and plate, the layout is symmetrical up and down, and it is characterized by fine and dense.

There are many words in the Song Dynasty, each with its own characteristics, with the five famous kilns and eight kiln systems being the most representative, and the five famous kilns and the eight kiln systems are represented by the Song Dynasty word kiln. The five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty refer to Jun kiln, Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Ge kiln, and Ding kiln. The eight kiln systems are the designated kiln system, Cizhou kiln system, Yaozhou kiln system, Jun kiln system, Longquan kiln system, Jingdezhen kiln system, Jianyao series and Yue kiln system.

Tang Dynasty Yue kiln. The name of the southern Yue kiln, first seen in the Tang Dynasty, the Yue kiln porcelain celadon and the Tang Dynasty tea drinking fashion is very closely related, its porcelain shape, the beauty of the glaze, deeply loved by tea drinkers. Song Dynasty Jun kiln.

The five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty are: Jundong imitation kiln, Ru kiln, official kiln, Ding kiln, and Ge kiln. China's five famous kilns officially ushered in the era of porcelain for firing practical and ornamental vessels.

Jun kiln is famous for its unique kiln art, known as the most valuable and priceless, and the family has a good reputation, which is not as good as a piece of Jun porcelain. Blue and white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty. The blue and white porcelain shape is unique.

From the point of view of production technology, at this time, there is a huge shape with a thick carcass, such as large cans, large bottles, **, large bowls, etc. Ming Dynasty multicolored porcelain. After the development of several dynasties, the five-color porcelain of the Ming Dynasty has been quite mature in Jiajing and Wanli, and the quality and quantity are considerable, creating a new situation in the production of five-color porcelain and making outstanding contributions in the history of ceramics.

Qing Dynasty enamel porcelain Qing Dynasty Tanzao enamel porcelain is characterized by fine porcelain, dignified color, bright and beautiful color, and exquisite painting. The production of enamel porcelain was extremely labor-intensive, and it disappeared after Qianlong.