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Original content of the textbook:

Reason: At the end of the 15th century, the extensive development of the commodity economy and the continuous expansion of exchange in Western European countries made ** the most important means of payment in commodities**, and ** in Eastern countries became the dream of Western Europeans.

However, at this time, the Ottoman Empire controlled the main road between the east and the west, blocking the traditional trade routes of Western European countries to the East; The aristocrats and new merchants of Western Europe, who were in a fervent pursuit of Oriental wealth (**, jewelry, spices, silk, etc.), were desperate to find a direct sea route to India and China.

Portugal and Spain, located in southwestern Europe and bordering the Atlantic Ocean, became the starting places for opening up new shipping routes because they had started overseas adventures and colonization activities earlier, mastered more advanced seafaring knowledge and shipbuilding technology, and possessed certain financial resources.

In general, the direct reasons for the opening of new shipping routes are: the pursuit of wealth and profit; The fundamental reason is: the development of the commodity economy.

Impact: The opening of new shipping routes changed the economic life of Europe, and since then the European market has expanded to the world, and the variety of goods in circulation has increased.

The opening of new shipping routes changed the center of Europe, and the main trade routes shifted from the Mediterranean coast to the Atlantic coast, which promoted the development of the Italian economy, which is also one of the reasons why the germ of European capitalism first appeared in Italy. At the same time, it also made the trade and economy of Spain, Portugal, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and other countries prosperous.

The opening of new shipping routes enabled European countries to join the ranks of colonization, and the colonizers of Western Europe wantonly plundered wealth from the colonies, and European countries quickly became rich, forming a new bourgeoisie, which accelerated the disintegration of the European feudal system and the germination and development of capitalist production relations.

It promoted overseas expansion and the initial formation of the world market, and promoted the original accumulation of capital. At the same time, it broke the closed and isolated state of the world and linked the old continent and the new continent, and took a crucial step in the history of the world from dispersion to wholeness.

Upstairs note, I think this is an academic issue, not something for me to talk about. In the present day of test-oriented education, what you say is meaningless.

Root causes: The development of capitalist industry and commerce requires the expansion of overseas markets (economic roots are the most fundamental cause).

The main reason: With the development of the commodity economy, the demand for money in European society has increased greatly, and Western Europeans are eager to look for ** in the East (the social roots are developed to adapt to the development of the economic roots).

The relationship between the two can be understood using the philosophical theory of internal and external causes.

Aren't there secondary school textbooks?

I miss it so much. Someone.

I won't answer. Ignore me.

** The amount of competition with opponents increases.

The root turned out to be the development of the productive forces, for the sake of money.

1.Multiply the largest two pure decimal places by 100 and divide by 1000, and the result is ( ).

2.The decimal point of the A number is moved three places to the left and is equal to the number B, and the number A is (1000) times the number B.

Eh,Weak question,Which school has **chain management?,I remember that when I searched before, there were few schools called this name.。

Take a bag of sweet potatoes as x kilograms.

If 8 bags of sweet potatoes and 3 bags of potatoes weigh a total of 500 kg, the weight of one bag of potatoes is (500-8x) 3 kg.

5 bags of sweet potatoes and 4 bags of potatoes weigh a total of 525 kg, then 5x+4(500-8x) 3=525

x = 25 A bag of sweet potatoes and a bag of potatoes weigh 25,100 kg each.

The first problem is to move the bottom of two to the front of one, and become 11 minus 7 equals 4

The second question is to move the 4 in the upper left corner of 47 to the plus sign, so that 14 plus 7 equals 21

I just saw this question. This should be the right thing to do.

Water volume per second: r 2* v=6 m 3 = 6000 kg potential energy per second: mgh = 6000 g * 40 = 240000 g (take g = kinetic energy per second:

MV 2 2 = 6000 * 18 = 1080000 Input power: 2352000 +1080000 =3432000 ( Turbine output power:

Genset output power: W

The design of the hydropower station should be calculated by yourself, or ask a special agency to design and calculate, the efficiency of the turbine generator g =, such a high efficiency may not be achieved,

Correct answer: Select B

The Party Constitution stipulates that, in addition to the right to vote, elect and to be elected, Party members also have the right to demand the recall or replacement of incompetent cadres.

A is wrong, the hydroxyl group is OH, O contains 8 electrons, H is 1 electron, a total of 9 electrons, B is correct, no matter what state 18 grams of water is equal to 1mol, 1H2O-1O, 1molH2O contains 1mol atoms, both Na, C is wrong, NH4+ has a trace hydrolysis, so the solution contains NH4+ ionization is less than, D is wrong, the standard state of CH4 combustion to form NA CO2 molecules.