This paper discusses the achievements and problems faced by modern agriculture

The current problems in China's agriculture are:

China is one of the largest developing countries in the world, and its special national conditions determine that agriculture in China has a far more important position than other countries in the world. In today's world, there is no country whose agriculture has plagued the development of the entire economy for a long time like China, and has become a lasting factor affecting China's politics, economy, and life. After summary and analysis, there are still many problems in China's current agricultural development, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects:

1) Land, especially cultivated land, is decreasing. At present, China's per capita cultivated land area is only one mu, and compared with other countries in the world, China's per capita cultivated land area is only 32 of the world's per capita cultivated land, 10 of the United States, and 3 of France, Canada, and Australia. The continuous reduction of arable land will push China's grain production into an increasingly narrow space, which poses a serious threat to agricultural development.

2) Degradation of cultivated land quality. The area of soil erosion in China is large, the desertified land is gradually increasing across the country, and the area of saline-alkali land is wide in the country. China's arable land lacks organic matter, as well as other trace elements.

In addition, environmental problems caused by China's rapid industrialization, such as air pollution, irrigation water pollution, acid rain, etc., have begun to pose a threat to agricultural development.

3) There is too much surplus labor in agriculture. It is difficult for agriculture to achieve large-scale operation, which directly affects the improvement of the commodity rate and labor productivity of agricultural products.

4) The production cost of agricultural products is rising, the income is declining, and the comparative advantage of agriculture is weak. According to statistics, from 1978 to 1992, the purchase speed of China's major agricultural crystals was much faster than that of the international market, with a range of more than 1 times and a maximum of 10 times. As a result, the gap between the domestic market and the international market has become smaller and smaller, the income of agriculture has dropped sharply, and the comparative advantage of agriculture has weakened.

5) Resource and production technology constraints. At present, China's agricultural technology is still quite backward on the whole, and most areas still follow the traditional intensive farming technology, the level of mechanization is low, the labor productivity is not high, the varieties and quantities of chemical fertilizers are improper, and the promotion area of excellent varieties is limited.

6) Lack of water resources and serious pollution have become the main factors restricting agricultural development.

7) The uncoordinated allocation of population and environment has caused great pressure on the environment and has become a bottleneck for agricultural development.

First, there is a lack of high-quality agricultural labor, and it is difficult to meet the needs of modern agricultural development.

The cultural and educational level of the main body of China's agricultural labor force is generally low, and most of the rural "elites" who are highly educated and in the prime of life in the rural areas have left for employment, and most of the women and the elderly who are left behind to engage in agricultural production are women and the elderly of relatively low quality. Due to the lack of scientific and technological knowledge, it is also difficult to popularize and apply some high-tech achievements, and it is difficult to realize the mechanization of the production process and the scientific production technology. There is a surplus of low-quality and low-skilled agricultural labor, a shortage of high-quality and high-skilled labor, and the upgrading of agriculture to the high-end encounters labor skill obstacles.

Second, the level of agricultural industrialization is not good, and it is difficult to strengthen the foundation for the development of modern agriculture.

On the whole, China is in the transition stage from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, the industrialization process is slow, and it still has not jumped out of the small-scale, low-level, and traditional extensive production mode, and the level of agricultural mechanization is low, and the production efficiency is low. Small-scale operation of fragmented land and part-time farming methods have resulted in a low degree of specialization and standardization, low output and inferior quality of agricultural products, and cannot meet the needs of large-scale agricultural product processing industry for planned planting and breeding bases.

Third, the quality of agricultural products is not high, and it is difficult to ensure the development of modern agriculture.

China is in the stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization, which is the period of energy resource consumption and pollution emission intensity, and the distorted market mechanism drives the abnormal growth of industry. The sharp increase in industrial and urban water use has made it increasingly difficult to reconcile the contradiction with agricultural water use, and due to the lack of strict protection and treatment measures, water pollution has led to a further decline in the quality of water resources. Under the combined influence of these factors, the supply of available water resources in China is even more scarce.

Industrial pollution has led to the low quality of raw materials of many agricultural products, which cannot meet the quality requirements of the processing industry for agricultural products, and some agricultural producers are driven by interests and abuse chemical fertilizers and pesticides, resulting in the safety of agricultural products, and the export of processed products and sales in the domestic market are affected, which in turn affects the development process of modern agriculture.

Fourth, the comprehensive service system is not sound enough, and it is difficult to promote the development of modern agriculture.

The agricultural social service system is a professional organization that provides comprehensive supporting services for agricultural production before, during and after production, and the service content involves sales, information, science and technology, materials, processing, labor services, finance, business decision-making, policy and legal services. In many areas of China, the development of various industry associations and professional cooperative organizations is unbalanced, the overall scale is small, the service form is single, and how to promote the development of modern agriculture layout planning, project feasibility study, decision-making consultation and related agricultural guarantees, insurance and other series of services are still lacking.

The current situation of China's agriculture is superior to the east and inferior to the west, and it is in the stage of moving towards the degree of semi-mechanization, and the development of agriculture is relatively balanced, and its causes are complex, and China's current level of science and technology and agricultural policy have a great relationship, I personally believe that today's agricultural countermeasures should mainly focus on the reform of the agricultural and forestry system and increase scientific and technological and economic investment, improve production efficiency and production level, and learn from the advanced production mode of the West. If China can continue to strengthen agricultural construction, we have reason to believe that in the near future, China will certainly be able to complete the task of transforming itself from a large agricultural country to an agricultural power.

At present, the main problems facing China's agricultural development are: the main body of agricultural production is scattered, the mode of production is backward, the degree of socialization, specialization and marketization is low, the degree of processing of agricultural products is low, the added value is low, the sales mode of agricultural products is backward, the degree of popularization and popularization of agricultural technology is low, and other agricultural support services such as finance and consulting are not perfect.