What are the important stages, achievements and influences of the development of ergonomics?

2.The era of the technological revolution was from 1870 to 1945

3.The stage of design for the human mind was 1945-

The goal of ergonomics is to design goods and machines according to human capabilities, and it is the state of pursuit to achieve perfect compatibility between humans and things.

Ergonomics research in industrial design is basically from the following four aspects:

1.Applications related to the human body, such as furniture, computers, home appliances, etc., all need to consider human size, human mechanical ability, human perception ability, human information transmission and use of mentality changes, etc.

2.The application of control, that is, the operation of hand, foot, eye, voice and other equipment or machines, such as remote control devices, joysticks, foot switches, etc.

3.Information display applications, such as navigators, electronic screens, etc.

4.The application of human-machine interface, such as eye-controlled focus camera, can perceive and shoot where the eye sees the camera itself, and the machine can capture the intention of the person.

In short, its central philosophy is "people-oriented".

The above is a summary of my years of industrial design work on a large amount of information, I hope it can help you!

Person: is the person who works on the subject, referring to the operator or user.

Machine: refers to the object of operation and control, generally refers to the object of human operation or use, which can be a machine, or a tool, tool or facility, equipment, etc.

The environment refers to the indoor and outdoor environments that affect the main workers, that is, the surrounding environment where people and machines are located, such as the workplace and space, the physical and chemical environment and the social environment.

Human-Machine-Environment: refers to a system composed of people living together in the same time and space, the machines they use, and the environment around them. In this system, the interaction and interdependence between the three elements of man, machine and environment determine the overall performance of the system.

Ergonomics is a discipline that aims to improve people's productivity, comfort, and safety by studying the interaction between humans and computer systems. From the perspective of its development history, it can be roughly divided into three stages of disrupting noise: the emergence of human-machine interfaces, the formation of interactive interfaces, and the emergence of machine learning.

Phase 1: The emergence of the human-machine interface.

The development of ergonomics can be traced back to the 50s of the 20th century, when computers were only mainframe and medium-sized machines. In those days, people mainly interacted with computers through terminals, which only had a monitor and a keyboard, and could not operate with a graphical interface. The emergence of human-machine interfaces has made the use of computer systems simpler and more intuitive, and people can operate through mice and windows, etc., and the user experience has also been greatly improved.

Phase 2: Formation of an interactive interface.

After the 90s, computer technology has developed rapidly, and computer products have also shifted from mainframes and medium-sized computers to microcomputers.

In order to meet the higher requirements of users for computer interfaces, interactive interfaces have gradually formed and become mainstream. The interactive interface shows the workflow of the computer system more vividly through graphical operation, and users can easily complete the interaction with the computer system with only the mouse and keyboard, which lays the foundation for the future development of intelligence.

Phase 3: The advent of machine learning.

With the continuous development of computer technology and data science, machine learning has become a new technical tool that can better meet people's needs for interaction with computer systems. Machine learning can optimize the user's behavior based on the user's historical operation data and feedback, so as to provide the user with a more perfect interactive experience. At the same time, machine learning can also achieve automatic control and optimization, which can greatly improve the efficiency and security of computer systems.

In short, the development of ergonomics can be seen that its development is inseparable from the continuous evolution of computer technology. People's needs are driving the development of computer technology, and the progress of computer technology has promoted the development of ergonomics. With the continuous progress and development of human society, ergonomics will continue to play a more important role and make greater contributions to the development of modern society.

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1. Stone Age, Bronze Age and Agricultural Age: The tools used by people are all hand tools, and human labor is manual labor. Therefore, the human-machine relationship is a so-called "flexible" relationship, that is, the tool is a "utensil" for the user, and the tool does not have a great "binding force" on the person, so the person dominates the human-machine relationship;

2. Industrialization with slow generation: Industrialization has transformed the tools of the socks into machines with power and computing power, forming a socialized large-scale industrial production mode and organization mode. Machines have a strong "binding force" on people, and people's work efficiency and quality of life depend on or even depend on machines;

3. Information age: This will be a major evolution of the human-machine relationship. It is envisaged that the human-machine relationship will be a relationship of mutual adaptation, or a "flexible" human-machine relationship. Human-computer interaction is the core point of the future development of ergonomics.

The development of modern ergonomics has three characteristics:

1 Unlike traditional ergonomics research, which focuses on selecting and training specific people to meet the requirements of the job, modern ergonomics focuses on the design of mechanical equipment, so that the operation of machines does not exceed the limits of human ability.

2. Closely combine with practical application, through a wide range of experimental research prescribed by strict planning, and make use of the basic principles mastered as much as possible to carry out specific mechanical equipment design.

3. Strive to bring together experts in experimental psychology, physiology, functional anatomy, and researchers in physics, mathematics, and engineering.

1 What is human-machine relationship.

1) Concept When we use these objects, the objects have a mutual relationship with people, and this mutual relationship is called human-machine relationship Human beings are constantly transforming nature and human beings themselves in the process of labor, and inevitably have a connection with the labor object, we call this connection in a broad sense human-machine relationship.

2) "Machine" refers to tools, facilities, furniture, transportation vehicles, etc., in addition to machinery.

2 The goal to be achieved by the human-machine relationship.

1) Efficient In the design, man and machine should be considered as a whole, and the functions of man and machine should be reasonably or optimally allocated to promote the coordination of the two and improve the work efficiency of people.

2) Health refers to the fact that in the process of operating or using the product, the rotten product will not cause adverse effects on people's health.

3) Comfort refers to the fact that in the process of using the product, the human body can be in a natural state, and the operation or use posture can be within the natural and normal range of limb activities, so that people will not be fatigued prematurely.

4) Safety refers to the fact that in the process of operating and using the product, the product does not pose physiological harm to the human body.

3. How to achieve a reasonable human-machine relationship.

1) Considering the general population and special populations.

Nowadays, most products are designed for the general population, and the standards for design reference are determined based on the data of the general population. But people are also an important part of society, and they often have unique needs. Therefore, when designing, the characteristics and needs of a special number of people should also be fully considered.

For example, the needs of people with disabilities should be taken into account.

2) Consider the relationship between static people and dynamic people.

People often use products in both dynamic and static states, so the design of products should not only conform to the static size of the human body, but also conform to the dynamic size of the human body. When people use it, they should be able to use it with enough ease and regret, and have enough space. Such a design is conducive to reducing human fatigue, improving efficiency, and meeting the requirements of health and comfort.

3) Meet people's psychological and physiological needs.

The human-machine relationship in the design should not only meet the physiological needs of people, but also meet the psychological needs of people. The color and material of the product will have an impact on people's psychology. Vision, hearing, touch, taste, etc. all affect people's psychological feelings, if we can pay attention to meet people's psychological needs in these aspects in the design, we can better handle the human-computer relationship.

Example: The design of tea houses and coffee houses should be based on warm colors, and the space should be made smaller to create a warm and quiet effect; The office space should generally be dominated by cool colors, and the space treatment should be concise and bright, so as to produce a rigorous and efficient working atmosphere. Such designs are designed to meet the psychological needs of people.

4) Information interaction.

The interaction process between people and products is the process of information transfer between people and products. That is, the process of using information language communication between man and machine. Improving the way information is delivered leads to better human-machine relationships.

Such as: ** machine has no LCD screen display, LCD screen display, can be video call. Example: The color of a car.