What are the characteristics of the A 4 attack aircraft?

"A-4" is an American research institute

A single-seat light carrier-based attack aircraft of the Du type.

Zhi mainly performs bombing and close-range return attacks on DAO sea and coastal targets. The main characteristics are large bomb load, strong penetration ability, simple maintenance, good low-altitude maneuverability and maneuverability, and armor protection for important parts of the fuselage, so the survivability is strong.

The fuselage design of the American A-4 attack aircraft: The A-4 is composed of three main structures: the front fuselage, the rear fuselage and the main wing.

The main wing has 3 spars that are continuous from one end to the other end, and the last pair of spars is straight, removing the common load concentration points on swept wings. There are sealed fuel tanks in the fuselage and main wings, and the fuel tanks in the fuselage are equipped with lubricating oil tanks, which can be used to fly the aircraft backwards for 30 seconds. The A-4's simple structural materials made it possible to carry out many repairs with 1 squadron equipped with standard manpower and tools.

The delta wing design of the A-4 allows it to be used on U.S. Navy aircraft carriers without having to fold and does not take up much space. The leading edge has a full-span front slit strip deflector, while the A-4F adds a lift spoiler to the main wing. The fuselage adopts a semi-rigid structure, which is divided into two parts: the front and rear fuselage.

The rear fuselage is removable for easy engine servicing, while there are speed brakes on both sides. Some A-4s have a raised "hump" in the middle of the fuselage to accommodate the new avionics instruments.

The early models of A-4A, B, and C were equipped with J65W-16A turbojet engines with a thrust of 1,000 N, and the reliability of this type of engine was poor, so later models all used ordinary J52 twin-shaft turbojet engines. The J52-6A used by A-4E and TA-4J has a thrust of 1,000 Newtons, which makes the aircraft have a large external capacity. The A-4F, G, H and K are equipped with J52P-8A engines with improved thrust of 1,000 N, while the A-4M, N and Y use J52P-40A with a thrust of 1,000 N.

The A-4 Skyhawk series attack aircraft was the main attack aircraft of the US Navy from the 50s of the 20th century to the late 70s of the 20th century, especially in the Vietnam War and the Arab-Israeli War. During the Vietnam War, the A-4 flew more sorties than any other U.S. aircraft, and in 1966 alone, the A-4 flew 60 percent of all U.S. Navy bombing missions. A-4 fighters often maintain 95 per cent of their aircraft at their disposal and have a low rate of loss in the course of their missions, and once one A-4 aircraft continued to fly 370 km to return safely to base after being hit by four 37-mm anti-aircraft shells.

In many Arab-Israeli wars, the A-4 played an important role.

The United States first agreed to provide fighter jets to Israel in 1967, and the preferred model for the Israeli Air Force was the A-4E. The Skyhawk aircraft brought significant changes to the Israeli Air Force. In October 1973, during the fighting between Israel and Syria, Israel flew hundreds of A-4E, H and N fighter jets for air attack and ground support missions.

At that time, Israeli armored forces could only defend the entire northern defense line with two brigades, against the large number of massed Syrian troops. Israeli Air Force A-4 fighters flew low over the target, dropped bombs, machine-gun fire and rocket attacks, and won the final victory. Why did the A-4 remain in production for 26 years?

Because it's a very good aircraft. As a result, the Singaporean Air Force, as well as the New Zealand Air Force, is now still using improved A-4 aircraft. Outstanding aerodynamics and combat characteristics made the A-4 the best attack aircraft of the 70s, and the electronic systems were constantly updated and improved, and even after 40 years in service, the A-4 is still an excellent attack aircraft.

In addition to being used in the Vietnam War and participating in air raids against North Vietnam, the A-4 also participated in many Middle East wars, and is an outstanding model of tactical attack aircraft of the Navy and Air Force in local wars. The A-4 is also honored to be a special performance aircraft for the U.S. Navy's "Blue Angels" aerobatic team. In addition, in the 1982 Falklands conflict, Argentina used the A-4 to set an example of sinking the modern British destroyer "Coventry" with an old attack aircraft.

In 1952, the American Douglas Aircraft Company was awarded a contract to build a tactical jet attack aircraft for the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, which later became the A-4 Skyhawk attack aircraft. Douglas's A4D-1, after the unification of the number, the model number was changed to A-4A.

The results of the first prototype test flight not only proved that it met the performance requirements, but also set a world speed record, becoming a legend in the aviation world. On combat duty on the A-4, an average of 90 hours of flight per month was recorded. It can carry all kinds of ** attack missions, and even if it is seriously damaged, it can safely return to base, and even the ground crew responsible for repairing the A-4 have to praise its high survivability.

Even in air combat, which attack aircraft are not good at, the A-4 has won a good reputation, and its maneuverability is better than that of the MiG-15, and it has even shot down the MiG-17. It was produced for the 14th century, with as many as 17 different models, and the A-4 became the most widely exported model, and the last A-4M left the factory in February 1979, with a total of 2,960 aircraft built.

The A-4 ("Skyhawk") attack aircraft is a single-seat carrier-based attack aircraft equipped by the United States Navy and its Marine Corps. The aircraft was designed in 1952, the first prototype made its first test flight in June 1956, and entered active service in 1956, with a total of 17 models and a total of 2,966 units produced. Currently, the US Marine Corps is armed with A-4M (Skyhawk) attack aircraft.

It is mainly used for conventional bombing of sea and coastal targets, and for carrying out close support and shallow depth interdiction missions.

Advantages and disadvantages of the American A-4 attack aircraft: (1) Advantages: The advantages of the A-4 are that the design is lightweight, the deck is flexible (the wings do not need to be folded to enter the elevator), the flight performance is good (M is, the air-to-air missile can also play the role of a fighter (such as on the anti-submarine aircraft carrier), and the cost is low.

2) Disadvantages: The disadvantages are that the small body leads to less bombs, the fuel volume is not suitable for long-range attacks, the lack of all-weather capabilities, and the difficulty of landing ships in bad weather. But the A-4 still became a famous brand among the world's attack aircraft, and until the 90s, some third world countries were still constantly improving it.

In addition to being used by the U.S. military, the A-4 was also exported to 8 pilots including Saudi Arabia, Israel, Argentina, Thailand, and Australia, with a total output of 2,966 aircraft.

U.S. A-4 Attack Aircraft Flight Performance: The Skyhawk is a fairly easy aircraft to maneuver, allowing pilots to maneuver freely to meet operational requirements without worrying about structural overload, while high thrust-to-weight ratios and low wing load provide excellent handling performance. The A-4M has a roll rate of 100 degs at low or supersonic speeds and 300 degs at medium speeds.

The only maneuvering limit for this type of aircraft is that the roll rate should not exceed 180 degrees per second if 1270 kg is attached to the fuselage centerline or 817 kg is attached to the underwing hardpoint. The stall warning is also quite good, and the plane will only go into a spiral if it is intentional.

The best cornering performance is at Mach speed (depending on the height). When flying at this speed at low sea level and carrying only 2 AIM-9s and 60% of the fuel on board, it has a minimum turning radius of 520 meters.