What are the common subjects of the ancient imperial examination

Moyi. Moyi is a simple question and answer question that revolves around the meaning of the scriptures and commentaries. There are often as many as 30 to 50 such questions in a single paper. The oral exam is the same as the verbal and Moyi questions.

Thessalonians. The scriptures are like filling in the blanks and dictating in modern poems. The examiner selects a page from the scriptures and prints one line on the test paper. Based on this line, candidates are asked to fill in the context associated with it.

Questioning. Questioning, that is, discussing. Based on the questions raised by the examiner about economic or political affairs, candidates express their opinions and propose countermeasures. The scope of policy inquiry is wider, including politics, education, production, management, etc., which is more difficult than the scriptures and Moyi, and some also have some practical value.

Poetry. Poetry, in the second year of Yonglong of Tang Gaozong (681), some people thought that the Ming Jing copied more righteous articles, and the discussion only talked about the old policy or could not show the real talent and learning, and suggested that two additional essays (one poem and one fu), so the poetry examination began.

Jingyi. The scriptures are the discussions around the righteousness of the book. If there is still room for candidates to play in the question, Jingyi no longer cares about personal thoughts, and candidates only follow the "sage book" designated by the imperial court.

Since the beginning of the Song Dynasty, Jingyi replaced the scriptures and Moyi, and the Ming Dynasty simply specialized in the examination of scriptures, and scholars really walked into the dead end of "dead reading, reading dead books".

There are many, Moyi, Tijing, Questioning, Poetry, and Jingyi.

Electing scholars, co-jugiving, virtuous literature, probation, filial piety, tribute, promotion of lords and protégés, and the nine-rank zhongzheng system are all ancient imperial examination methods.

The imperial examination was a talent selection examination for scholars in ancient China. The content and form of the imperial examination system began in the Sui Dynasty, and the subjects of the imperial examination in each dynasty were constantly changing. From the changes in the subjects and forms set up by the imperial examinations in various dynasties, we can see the employment orientation of the ruling class, and also reflect the demand for talents in different eras.

The dynasties are as follows:

Emperor Wen of Sui only had a policy, and Emperor Yang of Sui opened ten subjects. There were many examination subjects in the Tang Dynasty, and the main field players of the permanent subjects had Ming Jing, Jinshi, Ming Law, Ming characters, and Ming Calculation. In the Ming Dynasty, there was only one subject of Jinshi.

The Qing Dynasty attacked the Ming system, but it also opened a song and disliked special systems, such as erudition and poetry, translation, economics, etc. In addition to the special subjects of the imperial examination, the content of the Ming Jing and Jinshi examinations is mainly Confucian classics. The examination form is also different in various dynasties, the Tang Dynasty mainly has Moyi, oral examination, pasting scriptures, policy questions, poems, etc., and the Song Dynasty is mainly Jingyi, policy questions, poems, etc.

The subjects of the ancient imperial examination are as follows:

The permanent subjects include Xiucai, Ming Jing, Junshi, Jinshi, Mingfa, Mingzi, Mingsuan, First History, Three History, Kaiyuan Ceremony, Taoism and so on. The Tang Dynasty had particularly high requirements for Xiucai, and as a result, scholars rarely took the Xiucai exam, and soon Xiucai was abolished. Since then, "Xiucai" has become a general term for ordinary scholars.

The two subjects of Ming Jing and Jinshi attracted the most candidates in the imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty.

The Ming Jing originated in the Han Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty's "Ming Jing" subject examined the Confucian scriptures and banquet Zen classics, in addition to "Lao Tzu".

The Ming Classics do not fully examine more than ten Confucian classics, but are divided into four levels: the First Classic, the Second Classic, the Third Classic, and the Five Classics. In the twenty-fifth year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (737), it was stipulated that the Ming Jing examination should be supplemented with a policy policy, and the official of the examination would ask questions about the current affairs, and the candidates would answer in writing. Among the various items in the Tang Imperial Examination, the Ming Jing Branch has the most scholars.

But the most glorious and noble is Jinshike.

At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the Jinshi examination was composed of five "current policies". Current affairs and policies involve the practical problems of the country, so that readers can get up from the pile of old papers, face the society, observe and think about problems, and propose solutions. In the second year of Tang Gaozong's dew (680), he added a test of the scriptures and essays to the Jinshi Branch, and the Jinshi Branch formed a three-stage examination system of essays, scriptures, and questions.

This essay generally refers to poems, fu, proverbs, inscriptions, tables, praises, etc., and tests the literary talent of the candidates. ）

In the Tang Dynasty, martial arts were also produced.

Wuju began in the second year of Wu Zetian's Chang'an (702). Candidates who should be martial arts are in Xianggong and are examined by the Ministry of War. The test subjects include long-range shooting, horse shooting, foot shooting, flat shooting, trembling shooting, horse pistol, wrestling, weightlifting, etc.

During the reign of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, poetry became the main examination content of the Jinshi department.

During his reign, he personally interviewed candidates for the imperial examination eight times in Chang'an and Luoyang palaces, and admitted many very talented people. In the Tang Dynasty, there were more than 100 subjects, such as "virtuous and square, able to speak outright", "military strategy is far-reaching, and he can be a general" and so on. Those who should take the examination can be civilians, or those who have passed the imperial examination, and the current or dismissed** can also participate.

It can be roughly divided into Xiucai, Juren, and Jinshi. Jinshi is divided into one and three places: champion, Bangyan, and Tanhua. There are a number of second-class and third-class ones.

1. Those who did not pass the test are called children. It's like a junior high school student or younger. The examination is based on the township-level defeat and is once a year.

2. Xiucai has the opportunity to participate in the township examination, which is to test people. It's equivalent to the high school entrance examination. Triennial.

3. If you are eligible to take the examination, you will enter Beijing to take the examination. It's supposed to be the college entrance examination now. The examination room is located in Beijing Shuntianfu Gongyuan, and under the elimination rate of more than 90%, he passed the title of Gongshi.

It is also called Jinshi. Jinshi can be divided according to rank. That is, the jinshi can no longer cultivate upwards.

This one is not the same as it is now. But it's still okay to repair it further, and there are bigger officials to do the key acres!