How many principles are there for the selection of building structures, and what are they?

1) Adapt to the requirements of building functions.

For some public buildings, their functions have audio-visual requirements, such as: in order to ensure a better visual effect, the stadium cannot be set up in the competition hall, and a large-span structure must be adopted; In order to meet the needs of shopping, the interior space of large supermarkets should be mobile and flexible, so the frame structure should be adopted.

2) To meet the needs of architectural modeling For the selection of building structures with complex building shapes and particularly irregular planes and elevations, it is necessary to set up shockproof joints at appropriate parts according to actual needs to form more regular structural units.

3) Give full play to the advantages of the structure itself.

Each structural form has its own characteristics and shortcomings, and has its own scope of application, so it is necessary to combine the specific situation of architectural design for structural selection.

4) Consider the materials and the conditions of the construction.

Due to the difference in materials and construction techniques, its structural form is also different. For example, most of the materials used in masonry structures are made of local materials, which are simple to construct and suitable for low-rise and multi-storey buildings. When there is a shortage of steel or steel processing and construction technology is not perfect, a large number of steel structures cannot be used.

5) reduce the cost as much as possible When several structural forms are likely to meet the architectural design conditions, economic conditions are the decisive factor, and try to adopt the structural form that can reduce the cost of the project.

The basic principles of structure selection are:

Meet the requirements of use.

Good stress performance.

Easy to apply. Economical and reasonable.

There are three basic requirements for the design of building structures: building function, building technology and architectural image.

The building function is the comprehensive embodiment of the specific purpose and use requirements of people's houses, and people build houses mainly to meet the needs of production and life, and also fully consider other needs of the whole society. All kinds of buildings have their use functions, but because the specific purpose and use requirements of various types of buildings are different, different types of buildings have been produced.

Material selectionWhether the selection of engineering materials is appropriate is an important part of the impact on the quality of the indoor environment, the selection of environmental protection materials, low-level radioactive materials, to have the inspection certificate and environmental protection mark of the state and relevant departments, otherwise, no matter what means or methods are used in the later stage are difficult to eliminate harmful substances.

The three basic requirements of building structure design are safety, reasonableness and economy. Safety is the primary factor, followed by reasonableness, which means that the function meets the requirements of use and the structural layout is reasonable, so from the perspective of building structure, it is economical to meet the safety and reasonable design.

1. Security.

Safety means that the building structure should be able to withstand various effects that may occur in the normal design, construction and use process (such as load, applied deformation, temperature, shrinkage, etc.) and in the event of accidental events (such as **, **, etc.), the structure can still maintain the necessary overall stability and prevent collapse.

2. Applicability let Sen do.

Applicability means that in the normal use of the building structure, the structural components should have good working performance, and will not produce deformation, cracks or vibrations that affect the use of the balance phenomenon.

3. Durability.

Durability refers to the fact that the structural components have sufficient durability under the conditions of normal use and normal maintenance, and can maintain the functions of the building until the design service life is reached, such as the occurrence of serious rust, corrosion, weathering and other phenomena of the material or the protective layer of the components is too thin, too wide cracks and other phenomena. Durability depends on the environment in which the structure is located and how old it is designed.

1. The design of the building structure should determine a reasonable structural form. The prefabricated monolithic reinforced concrete structure house is suitable for brick-concrete macro talk structure, frame structure, frame-shear wall structure, shear wall structure, in the plane and vertical structure should be as uniform and regular as possible, according to the characteristics of the building to reasonably determine the structural form, the maximum height of the house should meet the requirements of the "General Provisions" of the Code for the Design of Concrete Structures (GB50010-2002).

2. Principles of design and calculation of building structures. The assembly of monolithic reinforced concrete is to meet the requirements of the large-scale industrial production mode, the production mode based on prefabricated components and on-site assembly construction is adopted, and the structural form of the building is not changed in general, therefore, the overall design calculation method of the assembled monolithic structure house can refer to the current national structural design code, apply the current design calculation method, and the mechanical performance is equivalent to the cast-in-place structure house.

3. Determine the prefabrication scope according to the characteristics of the assembled integral structure. In order to improve the degree of Industrialization, the building structure design should improve the prefabrication rate under the premise of ensuring the reliability of the structure, rather than "prefabrication for the sake of prefabrication", and the general cast-in-place structure is the same as the structural calculation, and should follow the principle of "strong columns and weak beams", "strong shear and weak bending", and "stronger nodes" in the structural concept design, and the difference between the general cast-in-place structure is only the difference in the production mode, specifically: the vertical load-bearing members of the main structure are cast-in-place, such as shear walls and frame columns are still cast-in-place. The rest of the horizontal components and vertical non-load-bearing components can be prefabricated, and the stressed nodes should be ensured to be cast-in-place connections, so as to ensure the integrity and seismic resistance of the building, improve the anti-leakage performance and sound insulation performance, and help eliminate the installation error.