Is it true that there was no dialectic before the appearance of Ma Zhe? That s what my teacher said.

There are three basic historical forms of dialectics:

Most of the ancient naïve dialectics only described the general nature of the whole world, and the various elements and parts that make up the world were not clearly understood, so they were incomplete and did not form a complete set of dialectical ideological systems.

The dialectic of idealism represented by Hegel. Hegel saw dialectics as the result of a conflict between the two sides of a concept due to its own inherent contradictions.

The materialist dialectics of Marxism. The Three Laws of Dialectics: There are only three laws of dialectics that have reached the limit of their universality in philosophy, and they are the laws of the unity of opposites, the laws of quantitative change and qualitative change, and the law of negation of negation.

This was first elaborated by Hegel in Logic, and Engels summarized and refined it from Logic, thus making the laws of dialectics clearer.

Dialectics has been around for a long time. Chinese Yin and Yang Theory, Five Elements Theory, etc.

The teacher's meaning should be that Ma Zhe did not have materialist dialectics and scientific dialectics before, so he was incomplete and prone to sophistry.

Materialist dialectics is a major innovation of Ma Zhe and a scientific dialectic.

Your teacher should mean that there is no scientific objective dialectic.

You are quite right, there was some dialectic in ancient times. For example, Marx was greatly influenced by Hegel's dialectics.

I like that dialectic.

When I can't think of a lot of questions, I take them out for reference.

Is Zizhi Tongjian later than Ma Zhe?

1. The basic content of the concept of dialectical negation.

Negation is the self-negation of things, and through self-negation, self-movement and self-development are realized (dialectical negation is the internal negation of things, while non-dialectical i.e. metaphysical negation is external negation).

Negation is the link between the connection and development of things - the role of negation.

Negation is renunciation – the essence of negation.

2. The connotation of dialectical negation.

The dialectical concept of negation is based on the dialectical understanding of the unity of affirmation and negation, and it believes that dialectical negation is essentially self-negation through the internal contradictory movement of things, that is, self-denial of oneself, and the use of one's own negation to realize the self-movement, self-improvement and self-development of things.

3. The significance of dialectical negation.

First, dialectical negation is a link in the development of things. Fundamentally speaking, the development of things is the extinction of old things and the emergence of new things, and the leap from old quality to new quality. Without dialectical negation, there can be no qualitative change and no development of things.

Therefore, dialectical negation is an important link in the realization of the development of things.

Second, dialectical negation is the link between things. The birth of the new thing means that the quarrel is born from the old thing and grows up in the womb of the old thing. The negation of the old by the new is not to simply abandon the old things completely, but to retain and transform and absorb the positive and rational factors in the old things while discarding the negative and irrational factors of the old things, as the basis for their own survival and development.

Materialist dialectics holds that the negation of the only thing that is the link of connection and development is in essence "renunciation", that is, both overcoming and retaining. Overcoming embodies the non-connection of the development of things, retention embodies the continuity in the development of things, and dialectical negation is the unity of continuity and discontinuity.

1. Unity of inheritance and development.

Marx's philosophy was born out of the long-term dominance of idealism at that time, but it was whimed by the material science at that time, and in the contradictory struggle between them, Marx denied thousands of years of idealism and determined materialismMarx believed that matter comes first, and that the rise of science changed life, that is, the productive forces of matter determine everything....Therefore, on this basis, the material first is established.

First, idealism and second, the denial of thousands of years of theology, psychology...Western science is progressing step by step in such a situation....Therefore, Marx established the dominant theory based on matter, which also adapted to the mainstream of the time, and was therefore recognized....Therefore, Marx believed that matter determines thinking....Sadly, in the far East, on the contrary, the heart is the dominant one who proves himself....Since Marx did not take into account the difference between man as a matter of free movement and matter in general....Therefore, materialism cannot determine idealism....This is the difference between free movement and non-movement....

Practice summed up! He said that practice is the only criterion for testing truth.

Observe, analyze, think, verify, summarize.