Famous secretaries in history and their stories

Zhang Qinghua, a native of Cangzhou, Hebei Province, is the winner of the Outstanding Contribution Award for Contemporary Chinese Secretaries, the first person in the national overseas red collection, one of the top ten collectors in Hebei Province, and the main curator of the red literature collection in Hebei Province. He used to be the deputy director and director of the Second Division of the Secretary of the General Office of the Hebei Provincial Party Committee, the deputy director of the General Office of Hebei Province, and the deputy secretary-general of the Provincial Party Committee. He is also a master's tutor of Hebei University of Economics and Business and Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

His monographs include "Hebei Economic Investigation and Research", "The Fast Track to Success for Party and Government Secretaries" and "Introduction to the Drafting of Leaders' Speeches". Be humble, loyal and sincere, good at helping people in trouble, and share worries for subordinates. Proficient in secretarial business, good at writing work, strong organizational leadership and comprehensive coordination skills, and has an excellent reputation in the provincial party committee and provincial organs!

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In our country,"Secretary"The term first appeared in the Han Dynasty. Originally, it meant a thing, not a person. That is, books with a mystical tinge. According to ancient records, there are two main types of these books:

The secret books in the palace ban, because they are all kinds of classic documents collected in the palace ban, are generally not public, so they are called"Secretary"。Such as "Jin Shu Xun Xun Biography":"And the ancient bamboo book in the mound of the county, the edict was written, and it was thought to be in the scriptures, and it was listed'Secretary'。"

Refers to the weft diagram. This is a religious superstition popular in the Han Dynasty, and it is a kind of hidden phrase made by shamans or alchemists.

To the late Eastern Han Dynasty:"Secretary"It refers not only to things, but also to institutions and people.

Ancient secretarial workers, called"Historian"、"Imperial Doctor"、"Shangshu"、"Long history"、"Master book"Wait.

There was only one exception, and that was the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

In order to weaken the power of Shangshutai, the secretary body around the high-ranking and powerful emperor at that time, Cao Cao, the king of Wei, set up a secretary order to"Classics and Books"In this way, the secretary not only has the original function of being in charge of the books and books, but also has the responsibility of sending and receiving the chapters, drafting and uploading them.

By the end of the Qing Dynasty, China's secretarial work was truly in line with its name.

After the Xinhai Revolution, the meaning of secretary changed qualitatively.

One: the word secretary has been completely freed"Books"The meaning has changed from the original reference to the person or position engaged in secretarial work.

Second, all the old-style titles for secretarial personnel have withdrawn from the historical stage, and the personnel engaged in secretarial work or related positions in ** departments at all levels are used"Secretary"Commensurate.

1. Ancient Chinese secretarial work.

1. Origin: Yan Huang Yin Shang Premise: A social organization and leaders need auxiliary personnel; b The use of written information 2. The specific situation of each dynasty Late primitive society:

The emperor set up "six phases", with Cangjie as the historian; Yao Shun set up Baihua, Zhizong, Nayan and other official and secretarial work Characteristics: The scope of work is not wide, one person is responsible for many things, the division of labor is unknown, but it has been out of the bud, and there is a certain prototype Xia Shang Zhou: China's secretarial work was formally established The Xia Dynasty was established, the system was perfected, and the secretary was produced

Wu Shi Yi, known as "Shi Wu", is responsible for divination, conveying the king's orders, and keeping documents Western Zhou: Shi Wu separated, and the historian recognized the secretary's work Spring and Autumn Warring States: Great social changes, internal participation in the king's decision-making, drafting documents, and announcing orders; External visits, letters Features:

The division of labor is clear, the responsibilities are heavy, the status is rising, and you can participate in politics Qin Han: Qin: Yushi Dafu is equivalent to the current secretary general Han:

Shang Shutai is in charge of the music and participates in decision-making; The main book and the secretary are the middle and lower-level secretaries, keeping documents and writing official documents Features: The status has risen unprecedentedly, and he wears many hats Han Wei: Cao Cao changed the secretary to the secretary and ordered the two promotions:

Set up a secretary temple, under the secretary secretary, secretary Shaoqing, secretary Cheng, chief bookkeeper, to form a complete secretarial organization Features: The Han and Wei ruling classes had fierce internal power struggles, and low-level secretaries were promoted to senior secretaries Sui and Tang: Sui:

Avoiding "loyalty", Zhongshu Province was changed to the Inner History Province, Zhongshu Jian was changed to the Inner History Supervisor, and Menxia Province was changed to Nayan Tang: Zhongshu Province issued an order, Menxia Province deliberated, and Shangshu was executed Tang Xuanzong: Hanlin Bachelor, Internal Minister, Bachelor-type Secretary Army:

Secretary, join the army Place: counselor, chief bookkeeper, scribe Features: high requirements, imperial examination, calligraphy, literature and science judges, eloquence, appearance Song and Yuan:

Song: **Unprecedented centralization of power, only the Zhongshu Province participated in the secret, and the Privy Council was set up Yuan: the Zhongshu Province was once established, and the Privy Council was set up Features:

A The organization is more complicated, and the division of labor is detailed b The military and the government are separated, and the secretarial work is divided into the Privy Council, and the Chinese book province c Strict examination and selection system Ming and Qing Dynasties: Ming: Cabinet, six sections, general administration department, six study rooms, and there are celebrants and supervisors in the later period

Cabinet, South Study, Military Aircraft Department Place: Master Features: It has formed a complete and rigorous secretarial work system, an important part of imperial rule and administrative management.

Chinese modern secretarial work.

1. At the end of the Qing Dynasty: the secretary work was named purely after the word "secretary" 2. Xinhai: Chengzheng Office, Secretary-General, **Secretary 3, National**:

Establish and improve secretarial work from ** to the locality, clearly stipulate responsibilities, and strengthen clerical work 4. New China: Socialist work organization and organization system, Secretary-General, Director of General Office 5. Contemporary: public secretary, private secretary.

Zhu Jiahua is the former Minister of Education of the Kuomintang.

Abroad: Henry of the United States.

Alfred Kissinger, Marina Jentalitsva, Guljan Moldagennova (secretary of the Russian aluminum tycoon Oleg Jeripaska).

Domestic: Tan Sitong, Zhang Liang, Jiang Shang, Guan Zhong, Wei Zheng, Huo Guang.

Secretarial functions: information management functions. Secretarial institutions and secretarial positions are at the center, and they have to manage a large amount of information work in the social organizations where they work. Information is an extremely important management resource, and secretarial information work has become a very extensive transactional and resourceful auxiliary work for service leaders.

Integrated coordination function. The overall coordination function of the secretarial body is determined by the delegation of leadership, the nature of its work and the position of the department. The position of the secretarial organization in the organizational management framework is usually at the intersection of various interests and policy contradictions, close to leadership, and business integration.

Supervision and inspection functions. Supervision and inspection is an important function entrusted by the leadership to the secretarial organs. Supervision and inspection work is an extremely crucial link in the process of implementing leadership management, especially decision-making management.

Carrying out effective supervision and inspection is a necessary guarantee for the implementation of relevant policies and laws and regulations, and for the smooth implementation of government decrees and prohibitions.

Secretaries are divided into low-level secretaries, middle-level secretaries and decision-making secretaries.

The first is to serve tea and pour water, to cleaning, typing and copying, copying books and sorting out materials, such characters are unknown;

The second kind of drafting articles, edicts, is involved in the decision-making circle and is within the scope of enlightenment, but it is on the margins. Such as the history of Hanlin sail jujube, such as the knowledge system and other rock calendars. Famous figures, Li Bai, Han Yu, and Su Dongpo have all done this kind of work.

The third type of decision-making secretary, although this kind of person is called a secretary, is actually in charge of the country's decision-making direction and is in the middle of the strategy. Such as Zhang Liang, Fan Zeng, Zhuge Liang, Fang Xuanling, the Ming Dynasty's cabinet Gao Gong, Zhang Juzheng, and the characters in the Qing Dynasty's military aircraft are all there.

Historically, the cabinet members of the Ming and Qing dynasties were actually the emperor's secretaries, and their influence was huge, and they could even change history.

For example, Xie Jin compiled the Yongle Canon, and Zhang Juzheng implemented a whip method.