When was the blue and white porcelain created, how was it created, who can me

The origin of blue and white porcelain:

Blue and white is one of the earliest methods invented in China's ceramic decoration, ranking first among the four famous porcelains in Jingdezhen. It was created and burned in the kiln of Gongxian County, Henan Province in the Tang Dynasty, and matured and developed in Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty. Ming Dynasty poet Zhou Jin's poem "Song of Porcelain Flowers" words:

Such as light clouds and ink, like spring leaves; It can be boasted, the floating beam porcelain is white and flawless, and the blue is skillfully written in blue. "Blue and white is an underglaze color, with cobalt oxide as a colorant, covered with transparent glaze after painting on the body, fired at a time at a high temperature of 1320 degrees. Blue and white can be divided into blue glaze blue and white, this glaze blue and white glaze.

The blue and white porcelain of the three dynasties of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties has its own characteristics and artistic styles. Blue and white porcelain is the mainstream of porcelain production in the Ming and Qing dynasties, with Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province as the center, and both official kilns and private kilns have shown a thriving scene. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the blue and white porcelain also had the rough and bold legacy of the Yuan Dynasty, and the color was dark.

Yongle and Xuande dynasties are the first period in the history of the development of blue and white porcelain in the Ming Dynasty, the blue and white porcelain of these two dynasties is elegant and beautiful, the color is rich and deep, and the color is as bright as sapphire blue. Since the beginning of Chenghua, blue and white porcelain has become delicate and light, and the color is elegant and stable, which has won high praise from later generations. In the late Ming Dynasty, the blue and white porcelain in Jingdezhen had a greater development in scale, and the number far exceeded the total number of blue and white firing in the official kilns from Hongwu to Zhengde in the early Ming Dynasty.

The blue and white color is blue and purple, and the hair color is intense, with distinctive characteristics of the times. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, due to the turbulent situation, the production of blue and white porcelain also deteriorated, and the official kiln heirlooms were rare, and most of them were crude production of private kiln products. The Qing Dynasty was the heyday of the development of blue and white porcelain, with Kangxi blue and white being the most outstanding.

Kangxi blue and white is of high quality, the color is emerald blue, the shades are distinct, and it has the reputation of "blue and white colorful". Yongzheng blue and white is known for its excellent texture, delicate and delicate, and the color is gorgeous, but it is not as rich as that of Kangxi. Qianlong blue and white is mainly blue, the color is bright and stable, and there is no halo phenomenon.

Due to the gradual increase of pastel porcelain, blue and white porcelain has slowly declined since the late Qianlong period. Daoguang was once revived, but it was mainly imitation Kangxi blue and white porcelain, the blue and white color is impetuous, and the glaze is loose.

The meaning of blue and white porcelain is one of the best porcelains in China, that is, good porcelain, the sound of good porcelain in Chinese is similar to "conscience", listen to the sound of blue and white porcelain knocked out, which means that after entering the industry, you must never forget to listen to whether your conscience is still there.

The original blue and white porcelain has been seen in the Tang and Song dynasties, and the mature blue and white porcelain appeared in the Hutian kiln in Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, blue and white became the mainstream of porcelain; During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, it reached its peak.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, people also created and burned blue and white five-colored, peacock green glazed blue and white, bean green glazed blue and white, blue and white red color, yellow ground blue and white, brother glaze blue and white and other derivative varieties.

Regarding the production time of blue and white porcelain, most scholars believe that it was in the Yuan Dynasty. Because according to archaeological discoveries, in recent decades, Jianchaheng has unearthed a lot of precious blue and white porcelain in the residential sites, tombs, and kilns of the Yuan Dynasty. At present, the earliest blue and white porcelain at home and abroad is a blue and white peony tower lid porcelain vase unearthed in the sixth year of Yuan Yan 13丨9 years in the collection of Jiujiang City Museum in Jiangxi Province.

In 1975, a fragment of a blue and white underglaze colored porcelain pillow decorated with a diamond-shaped flower pattern was found at the Tangcheng site in Yangzhou, Jiangsu. Its discovery changed people's perception of the origin of blue and white porcelain, and its creation time is supposed to be the Tang Dynasty. In 1983 and 1990, some blue and white porcelain pieces were unearthed at the site of the Tang Dynasty in Yangzhou, which once again confirmed the fact that China had produced blue and white porcelain in the Tang Dynasty.

There have always been different opinions and debates about how blue and white porcelain came about. Many foreign scholars believe that China's blue and white porcelain is mainly Persian in the West, whether it is technique, decoration or materials, it is under the influence of the West. However, relevant experts believe that blue and white porcelain is the product of the gradual progress of Chinese ceramics along its own development law.

In addition, it has been suggested that the cobalt material used in blue and white porcelain has been determined by the physical and chemical laboratory of the University of Oxford.

From Persia. On the contrary, some scholars have proposed that China has begun to apply cobalt in the pottery process during the Warring States Period. This provides an earlier evidence for the use of cobalt in blue and white porcelain.** In short, the production of blue and white porcelain is still a mystery.

The so-called blue and white porcelain is made of several kinds of light and dark cyan, and it is painted into a pattern, without mixing it with other colors.

1.The historical background of blue and white porcelain.

Blue and white porcelain is a type of traditional Chinese porcelain with a long history that originated in the Tang Dynasty. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, blue and white porcelain developed rapidly and became an indispensable type of traditional Chinese porcelain at that time. It is made of ground porcelain as raw material and copper and cobalt ore as dye, which is fired at high temperatures.

The porcelain body of blue and white porcelain is white and transparent, and the surface is painted with blue patterns, which is full of mysterious oriental atmosphere.

2.The production technique of blue and white porcelain.

The production of blue and white porcelain requires a number of complex processes, the most important of which is painting. Painting is the essence of blue and white porcelain, which requires not only the skill of the painter, but also the shape and size of the porcelain surface, as well as the role of dyes. In the process of painting, it is necessary to master different painting techniques, such as hook method, hanging tears, and false and closed world method, etc., to show different artistic effects.

3.The development and change of blue and white porcelain.

Blue and white porcelain reached its peak during the Ming Dynasty, but by the Qing Dynasty, its style had changed. The blue and white porcelain of the Qing Dynasty is mainly based on the theme of flowers and birds, landscapes, etc., with brisk lines, smooth modeling and vitality. At the same time, there are also blue and white porcelain artists who have created new styles, such as Lang Shining, Tang Bohu, etc.

In modern times, the production techniques and artistic styles of blue and white porcelain have been constantly updated, but they still maintain the foundation of traditional styles and have become an indispensable part of traditional Chinese culture.

4.Collection and conservation of blue and white porcelain.

Blue and white porcelain is an important part of China's cultural heritage, so more efforts are needed in terms of collection and conservation. Collecting blue and white porcelain requires professional knowledge and experience, as well as some identification skills to prevent buying fakes. In terms of protection, it is necessary to avoid moisture and collision of porcelain, and at the same time pay attention to the cleaning of porcelain, and avoid using too heavy detergents to avoid damaging its surface pattern.

5.Epilogue.

Blue and white porcelain is a treasure among traditional Chinese porcelain, and its exquisite production skills and unique artistic style have made it famous all over the world. With the passage of time, the value and status of blue and white porcelain have also risen. Today, blue and white porcelain has become an indispensable part of the world cultural heritage, bringing people endless aesthetic enjoyment and cultural experience.

1. Blue and white porcelain.

Originated in the Tang Dynasty. The original blue and white porcelain began to appear in the Tang Dynasty, and the mature blue and white porcelain only slowly appeared in the middle of the Tang Dynasty.

2. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, the blue and white porcelain hair spine socks were exhibited to the peak. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, blue and white colors were also burned.

There are various varieties of blue and white porcelain such as peacock green glazed blue and white and bean green glazed blue and white.

3. Blue and white porcelain, also known as blue and white porcelain on white ground, blue and white, is a kind of high-temperature underglaze colored porcelain with blue flowers on white ground that originates from China and travels all over the world, and is a treasure of Chinese ceramic firing technology, Chinese porcelain.

One of the mainstream varieties.

4. Blue and white porcelain was produced in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty, and reached its peak in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. It is known for containing cobalt oxide.

The cobalt ore is used as raw material, and the decoration is depicted on the ceramic body, and then covered with a layer of transparent glaze, which is fired at one time by a high-temperature reduction flame, which has the characteristics of strong tinting strength, bright color, high firing rate and stable color.