What is the relationship between plant physiology and soilless cultivation techniques?

There are four directions for the postgraduate examination of plant protection: 090401 Plant Pathology 090402 Agricultural Insects and Pest Control 090403 Pesticide Science These three are academic masters, the National Joint Examination for Agronomy, and the examination subjects are: 101 Ideological and Political Theory 201 English I 314 Mathematics (Agriculture) or 315 Chemistry (Agriculture) 414 Plant Physiology and Biochemistry The fourth direction is planting.

Plants are cultivated conventionally, using soil as a support for the plant, so that the root system has room to stretch. At the same time, the four ecological factors of water, fertilizer, gas and heat of plants are coordinated for plant growth and development. The use of loose and breathable substances such as sand and vermiculite instead of soil to cultivate plants, and the application of nutrient solution instead of organic fertilizer is called soilless culture.

This cultivation method improves the growth environment of plant roots to the greatest extent, coordinates the contradiction between the four ecological factors of water, fertilizer, gas and heat, and gives full play to the growth potential of plants. Soilless cultivation does not use soil, can avoid many disadvantages of soil cultivation, plants grow in the soil, absorb water, nutrients and air in the soil through the root system, if the soil is loose, aeration, water and fertilizer condition is good, plant growth and development is robust, flowering and fruitful. Water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil are mutually influential, and after fertilization, they must be watered so that the fertilizer is dissolved in water and supplied to plants for absorption.

Less watering, less fertilizer dissolution, high concentration, is not conducive to root absorption, and will occur fertilizer damage due to large concentration, burning the roots. On the contrary, if there is more watering, the fertilizer is well dissolved, but the soil void is occupied by water, and there is less air, which affects the respiration of the root system, and in severe cases, the root will rot due to suffocation. In order to alleviate and improve the contradiction between water, fertilizer, gas and heat, soil tillage measures such as ploughing, shallow tillage, medium tillage, loosening soil, etc., always have certain limitations, which cannot create the most superior and ideal environment for the growth of plants, so that the yield increase potential of soil cultivation is limited to a certain extent.

The substrate for soilless cultivation is looser than the soil, with better aeration and drainage performance, and the tool has a certain ability to retain water and fertilizer, and can also provide suitable nutrients in time according to plant species and growth and development stages to meet the needs of plant growth. At the same time, it can automatically supply liquid, which is convenient for industrial production, reduces labor intensity, and the plant flowering period is early, and the yield is high. As a result, soilless cultivation is used in many countries around the world to grow fruit trees, flowers and vegetables.

In the Dongbeiwang Nursery in Beijing, the annual seedlings sown by hydroponics are 23 cm high, and the annual seedlings sown in the soil are 13 cm high; The rooting rate of boxwood from hydroponic cuttings in Lianyungang City Garden Department increased by 8 times.

Hello, bending virtual soil cultivation: a comprehensive applied science that studies the principles of soilless cultivation technology, planting methods and management technology. Advantages of soilless cultivation 1, can avoid soil continuous cropping obstacles 2, save water, fertilizer, labor, labor 3, crop growth strong, high yield, good quality of sail 4, can greatly expand agricultural production space 5, is conducive to the realization of agricultural production modernization.

1. Soilless cultivation refers to the cultivation method of cultivating plants with artificially prepared nutrient solution according to the principle that inorganic salts are needed in the process of plant growth and development.

2. Soilless cultivation refers to the cultivation method of using water, peat, forest humus, vermiculite and other media as the substrate of the plant root system to fix the plant, and the plant root system can directly contact the nutrient solution. The composition of the nutrient solution in soilless culture is easy to control, and the pulsation and slippery joints can be adjusted at any time. In places where there is no soil in the light and temperature, such as deserts, beaches, desert islands, as long as there is a certain amount of fresh water**, it can be carried out.

Soilless culture can be divided into hydroponics, aeroponics and substrate cultivation according to the different cultivation types and lack of cultivation media. Hydroponics refers to the cultivation method in which the plant roots are in direct contact with the nutrient solution without the use of substrates. The earliest hydroponics was to immerse plant roots in nutrient solution to grow, and this method of basal wax will cause hypoxia, which will cause root death in severe cases.

The hydroponic method of nutrient solution film method is often used, even if a very thin layer of nutrient solution is continuously circulated through the root system of crops, which not only ensures the continuous supply of crop water and nutrients, but also continuously supplies fresh oxygen to the roots.

Depending on the environment and conditions, the soilless cultivation of flowers can be done in a variety of ways, but the key issue is to provide the plants with appropriate nutrients and adequate aeration conditions.

The temperature and light of soilless culture are the same as those of soil culture.

At present, there are two commonly used methods: hydroponics and substrate culture.

Hydroponics. For the roots of the plant to be completely suspended in the substrate of the nutrient solution, the branches and leaves above the root neck must be fixed with a layer of inert substrate or other methods.

Pay attention to the adequate ventilation conditions in the nutrient solution and be in the dark of missing branches.

Therefore, certain equipment is required to meet the requirements of the plant during application.

Families use this method.

Substrate culture. Plants are cultivated in a variety of clean substrates, such as sand, gravel, perlite, vermiculite, peat, sawdust, slag, rock wool, etc., which can be adapted to local conditions and taken locally.

The above substrates can be selected according to plant habits and the physical properties of different substrates to facilitate the growth of plants.

Substrate cultivation can be used to raise flowers at home, and the following two simple and easy soilless cultivation substrates are introduced.

Medium at the end of the pot.

With 70% sawdust and 30% poultry manure or broken cake fertilizer, mix and accumulate evenly, add some human feces and urine, and after being fully cultivated and fermented, it can be used to cultivate flowers.

If some slag is added to it, the air permeability and water seepage performance will be better.

Vermiculite medium.

Mix vermiculite and fermented horse manure in a ratio of 4:1 and mix well, which can be used as a medium for cultivation.

Plant flowers. If 10% peat, it is more suitable for cultivating southern acid-loving soil flowers.

The above two kinds of medium are very loose, both breathable, and water permeable, will not compaction, fertilizer and water retention are also strong, which is conducive to the development of flower roots.

When transplanting and repotting, it is easy to handle and will not hurt the roots.

It is easy to obtain materials and is very suitable for family potted plants.

Substrate cultivation requires regular application of a nutrient solution to replenish the nutrients in the substrate.