What is the loess cave architecture of the loess plateau dwelling culture?

One form of inhabitation unique to the Loess Plateau is the caves.

Cave caves are an ancient form of dwelling for the inhabitants of the Loess Plateau in northern China. In China's Shaanxi-Gansu-Ning region, the loess layer is very thick, some tens of meters thick, and the Chinese creatively use the favorable terrain of the plateau to dig holes and create cave buildings called green buildings. Caves generally have cliff caves, sunken caves, free-standing and other forms, among which there are more applications of mountain kilns.

The cave is the product of the Loess Plateau and the symbol of the people of northern Shaanxi, which deposited the deep culture of the ancient loess.

Regional distribution

Shaanxi caves are mainly distributed in northern Shaanxi, referring to the cave-style dwellings in Yan'an, Yulin and other places in Shaanxi Province. It is built along the mountain and underground of the Loess Plateau, is a form of cave dwelling in the natural loess, because it has the advantages of warm in winter and cool in summer, does not destroy the ecology, does not occupy fertile land, and saves money economically, etc., and is widely adopted by the local people.

There are many kinds of stone kilns in northern Shaanxi, stone interface earth kilns, and flat stone kilns, and most of the stone and brick kilns are in the cities, while the rural areas are mostly earth kilns or stone interface earth kilns. The main forms are pit kiln, along the cliff kiln, and kiln.

According to preliminary statistics, since the liberation, the total number of kiln dwellers in China has reached 110 million, and there are as many as 40 million people who still adopt the kiln method. Its distribution area is mainly in the economically underdeveloped central and western regions, many poor households live in the earthen kiln, in disrepair, due to natural disasters such as heavy rain and floods, landslides and mudslides, the cave houses are in disrepair and on the verge of collapse, the vast number of people living in the kiln are facing danger to their lives at any time, and I hope that those who know will inform the masses not to threaten their life safety.

Yes.

The caves are mainly distributed in the Loess Plateau area of China, the local residents according to the upright nature of the loess, excavated the caves that are warm in winter and cool in summer, and the caves are a unique form of dwellings on the Loess Plateau, which embodies the scene of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

The Loess Plateau belongs to the temperate monsoon climate, cold in winter and warm in summer, and the caves have the advantages of warm in winter and cool in summer, which is suitable for living.

Status quo

In all parts of Qingyang, this ancient form of settlement can be seen everywhere. People rely on the slope of the ditch on the precipice, dig holes and build rooms, called "cliff village";Dig out a big pit two or three zhang deep from the top of the plateau, and then dig a hole in the four walls to dig a hole, like an underground quadrangle, called "Dikengzhuang". This unique settlement and the way of life of the people has its own merits.

There is a poem to praise and say: The gentleman from afar comes to this village, and there is no building room in the earthen kiln, although it is not a fairy cave, it is lovely and warm in winter and cool in summer.

The architectural characteristics of the residential buildings on the Loess Plateau and the local natural environment are that the form of dwellings is dominated by caves, because this kind of house structure has special touching points that are warm in winter and cool in summer, and the caves are mostly built according to the terrain, which has strong agglomeration, and fully adapts to the topographical characteristics and properties of the Loess Plateau, that is, thousands of ravines and ravines, and serious soil erosion.

Cave caves are an ancient form of dwelling for the inhabitants of the Loess Plateau in northwest China, and the history of "cave-dwelling" dwellings can be traced back more than 4,000 years. In China's Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region, the loess layer is very thick, some tens of kilometers thick, and the Chinese creatively use the favorable terrain of the plateau to dig Tongdong and live, creating cave buildings known as green buildings. <>

Features of the Loess Plateau

The biggest feature of the cave building is that it is warm in winter and cool in summer, the cave space of the traditional laugh guess is a round arch from the appearance, although it is very ordinary, but in the case of monotonous loess as the background, the arc shape is more light and lively, this form derived from nature, not only embodies the concept of the traditional idea of the sky and the round place, but more importantly, the high round arch at the door hole and the high window.

In winter, the sunlight can be further penetrated into the inner side of the cave, so that the solar radiation can be fully utilized, and the internal space is also arched, which increases the vertical space inside, making people feel open and comfortable.

The other is a round window of about 3-4 square meters. It is characterized by being warm in winter and cool in summer. Stone is used as building material, 7-9 meters deep, wide and high are about 3 meters of stone arch cave, called stone kiln cave. The style and construction method of the brick kiln are the same as those of the stone kiln cave, and the appearance is beautiful.

Summary. Kiss the Loess Plateau unique to a form of dwelling is the cave, the cave has the excellent properties of heat preservation, windproof, sound insulation, etc., and can be naturally ventilated according to different seasons, the cave is the use of the Loess Plateau geomorphological conditions, the house is dug on the mound, its main material is loess and stones, the top is covered with wooden planks or straw mats.

The establishment and solution of the model of forest tree planting method and optimal light distribution.

Kiss the Loess Plateau unique to a form of dwelling is the cave, the cave has the excellent properties of heat preservation, windproof, sound insulation, etc., and can be naturally ventilated according to different seasons, the cave is the use of the Loess Plateau geomorphological conditions, the house is dug on the mound, its main material is loess and stones, the top is covered with wooden planks or straw mats.

The establishment and solution of the model of forest tree planting method and optimal light distribution.

There are n trees to be planted, m is the number of locations to choose from, and each location can provide different light intensity. The decision variable of planting the i-th tree at the j-th position is denoted by $x $ ($x = 1$ means that the i-th tree is planted at the j-th position, otherwise $x = 0$).

Is there anything else. A little more of this is too little.

The linear programming model is as follows: $$begin & min sum sum times (i j- bar) 2} sum }leq 1, j=1,2, cdots,m sum times i j} geq l i, i=1,2, cdots,n x in , i=1,2, cdots,n; j=1,2,\cdots,m \end $$

Is there anything else. Is there anything else.

No, this is the specific model

A little more, a little more.

You need specific steps.

There are n trees to be planted, m is the number of locations to choose from, and each location can provide different light intensity. The decision variable of planting the ith tree at position j, denotes with $x $ ($x =1$ means planting the ith tree at position j, otherwise $x =0$), sum }leq 1, j=1,2, cdots,m $$ Each tree needs to grow in sufficient and suitable light, so we need to add the following constraint $$ sum times i j} geq l i, i=1,2, cdots,n $$i j$denotes the light intensity at the j-th position, $l i$ denotes the minimum light intensity required for the i-th tree$$ min sum sum times (i j- bar) 2}$$bar$ denotes the average of the light intensity at all locations.