The status and attributes of textile materials science are discussed

I don't say much in front, canvas denim is a high-density fabric, that is, the warp and weft density is very high, the terry cloth is a terry product made by a knitting machine, and the suit is generally a high-density fabric, some of which have been coated, and the coating is chemical fiber hydrophobic, and all will have a waterproof effect. Hope it works for you.

According to the textile process of the fabric, it can generally be divided into three categories: weaving, knitting and non-woven fabrics; According to the composition of the fabric, it can be generally divided into: silk, wool, cotton, linen, chemical fiber, etc., of which chemical fiber can also be divided into polyester, nylon, acrylic, polypropylene, spandex, etc., and there are also products mixed with chemical fiber and natural fabrics; It can also be divided according to the density of the fabric, and it can be divided according to the organization of the fabric.

Now some waterproof fabrics on the market are mostly post-processed, or use nano dyeing and finishing process to achieve waterproof level, or add a layer of waterproof coating to achieve waterproof effect, this is a long story, you need to learn hard!

Hope it helps!

1. Warp, warp, warp density - the length of the fabric; This yarn is called warp; The number of yarns arranged within 1 inch is warp density (warp density);

2. Weft direction, weft yarn, weft yarn density - fabric width direction; The yarn is called weft, and the number of yarns arranged within 1 inch is weft density (weft density);

3. Density - used to represent the number of yarns within the unit length of the woven fabric, generally the number of yarns within 1 inch or 10 cm, China's national standards stipulate that the number of yarns within 10 cm is used to express the density, but textile enterprises are still accustomed to using the number of yarns within 1 inch to express the density. For example, the commonly seen "45x45 108x58" means that the warp and weft yarns are 45 respectively, and the warp and weft density is .

4. Width - the effective width of the fabric, generally used to be expressed in inches or centimeters, the common ones are 36 inches, 44 inches, 56-60 inches, etc., respectively called narrow, medium and wide, higher than 60 inches of fabric for the extra width, generally called wide cloth, the width of the wide fabric in China today can reach 360 cm. The width is generally marked after the density, such as the fabric mentioned in 3, if the width is added, it is denoted as:

45x45 108x58 60" i.e. the width is 60 inches.

5. Gram weight - the gram weight of the fabric is generally the gram of the weight of the fabric per square meter, the gram weight is an important technical index of knitted fabrics, and the gram weight is usually taken as an important technical index for woolen woollen wool. The gram weight of denim fabric is generally expressed in ounces (oz), that is, the number of ounces per square yard of fabric weight, such as 7 ounces, 12 ounces of denim, etc.;

6. Yarn-dyed fabric - known as "dyed fabric first" in Japan, refers to the process method of dyeing yarn or filament first, and then using yarn yarn for weaving, this fabric is called "yarn-dyed fabric", and the factory that produces yarn-dyed fabric is generally called a dyeing and weaving factory, such as denim, and most of the shirt fabrics are yarn-dyed fabrics.

"Fiber and fiber products" indicates that textile materials are not only a raw material, an object used for textile processing, but also a product, a fiber aggregate made through textile processing.

Fibers, yarns, fabrics, and their composites" describes the process of formation of textile materials, which can be done sequentially or by jumps; Expressed from the single.

1. Scattered and tiny fibers become aggregated, interdependent and interacting fiber aggregates, and even the processing and forming of compounds. The former "formation process" informs us that there are multiple variants of textile materials, and there are multi-stage transformations from objects to products; The latter "processing and forming" is a metaphor for the complexity and variability of the structure of textile materials, as well as the wonder and interest of the role of fibers.

The most critical and essential content of textile materials is a fiber aggregate with surface action and arrangement and combination, and a fiber aggregate with tiny individual fiber structure (fabricate).

Textile materials are characterized by tiny fiber monoliths, and through artificial methods, the properties of fibers are used to arrange and construct fibers into materials with practical structure, properties and shapes. This artificial behavior can be carried out to individual fibers that are slender and small, and have a variety of morphologies and properties.

Textile Materials Science 3rd Edition (Undergraduate) is one of the national planning textbooks of the Ministry of Education's "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" for general higher education.

Based on the definition and connotation of textile materials, the book introduces in detail the structure and performance characteristics of fibers, yarns, fabrics and other fiber collections and composites, the influence of forming and processing on them, the basis and basic methods of measurement and evaluation. The content covers the basic theory and application of textile materials, including the classification, structure and morphology of fibers, surface properties such as mechanics, thermal, optical, electrical, hygroscopic, fiber processing properties, and fiber identification and quality assessment; Classification, structure and morphological characteristics, mechanical properties, machinability and quality assessment methods of yarns; The broad concept and classification of fabrics, fabric structure and basic structure, durability, easy care, comfort, fabric style and evaluation, protective function and safety of fabrics, and the use and maintenance and quality evaluation of fabrics.

It is a national planning textbook for general higher education in the "Tenth Five-Year Plan". It is a basic textbook for undergraduates of textile science and engineering, and is suitable for teaching reference books for fiber science and polymer materials science. Based on the definition and connotation of textile materials, this book introduces in detail the structure and performance characteristics of fibers, yarns, fabrics and other fiber aggregates and composites, the influence of forming and processing on them, and the basis and basic methods of measurement and evaluation.

The editor-in-chief is Professor Yu Weidong, who is currently a professor at Donghua University.

Introduction to the Table of Contents. Chapter 1 Classification and Development of Fibers.

Chapter 2 Structural Characteristics of Fibers.

Chapter 3 Characterization of Fiber Morphology.

Chapter 4 Hygroscopicity of Fibers.

Chapter 5 Mechanical Properties of Fibers.

Chapter 6 Surface Properties of Fibers.

Chapter 7 Thermal, Optical and Electrical Properties of Fibers.

Chapter 8 Processability of Fibers.

Chapter 9 Identification and Quality Assessment of Fibers.

Chapter 10 Classification and Structural Characteristics of Yarns.

Chapter 11 Basic Characteristic Parameters of Yarns.

Chapter 12 Mechanical Properties of Yarns.

Chapter 13 Processing Performance and Quality Assessment of Yarn.

Chapter 14 Fabrics and Their Classification.

Chapter 15 Fabric Structure and Basic Structure.

Chapter 16 Basic mechanical properties of fabrics.

Chapter 17 Durability of Fabrics.

Chapter 18 Conformality of Fabrics.

Chapter 19 Comfort of Fabrics.

Chapter 20 Styles and Evaluation of Fabrics.

Chapter 21 Protective Functions and Safety of Fabrics.

Chapter 22 Fabric Use, Maintenance and Quality Assessment.

Appendix 1 Summary table of properties of several commonly used textile fibers.

Appendix 2 A cross-reference index of terms in Chinese and English.

Primary references.

1. Structure and properties of textile materials.

2. Testing technology and instruments for textile materials.

3. Textile structure composite materials.

4. Design and development of new textile materials.

5. Modification of textile fibers and functional textile materials.

Textile materials generally refer to the textile fibers used in the textile industry and the yarns and fabrics spun from fibers.

The physical properties of textile materials mainly include:

The constituent substances, internal morphology and basic structure and morphology of various textile materials, the correlation with the textile processing performance and the function of taking and using, and the factors for evaluating the quality of various textile materials;

Length, fineness, denier, strength (single fiber or bundle fiber), softness, color, impurities, stains, wet strength, dry strength, breaking length, breaking strength, hook strength, natural curvature and maturity of various fibers (natural fibers and chemical fibers);

the coefficient of friction between fibers, between fabrics, or between fibers and fabrics, or between textile materials and metals;

The influence of humidity on textile materials, the hygroscopicity of textile materials, the initial modulus of wet state, wet elongation, dry elongation, and the ratio of wet strength to dry strength; Effect on weight, length, cross-section, density, surface friction properties; These are also characteristics of mechanical properties in the "textile field".

Sunlight resistance, weather resistance, curling performance, light time path difference and interference color, refractive index and birefringence and light fastness of light under different humidity conditions; as well as acid resistance, alkali resistance, "aging" resistance;

Thermal properties of textile materials, influence of heat on textile materials, specific heat properties, thermal conductivity, melting and decomposition, flow temperature, glass transition temperature, heat shrinkage, dissolution and decomposition, shaping, "melt hole characteristics";

Combustion and flame retardant properties, combustion and deflagration conditions of textile materials;

the influence of textile materials on electrical properties, electrical insulation properties, specific resistance, and antistatic properties;

The relationship between the physical and mechanical properties of textile materials and the properties of taking (using), the structure of yarns and fabrics, non-woven fabrics, the geometric dimensions and determination of length, width and thickness, thermal properties, surface friction properties, air permeability, water permeability, creep, relaxation, fatigue, abrasion, tear strength, antistatic properties, wrinkle resistance, tensile breaking strength, pilling, drape, and a variety of special properties (from artificial blood vessels to spacesuits,..There are all kinds of special needs of textiles with different characteristics, which is the application and research of various special textile materials in special industries and special products, which cannot be enumerated one by one);

These characteristics need to be tested and evaluated by certain or special test instruments, and there are also special technical specifications and regulations.

In short, the physical properties of textile materials are a science and a science, and it is hoped that those who are engaged in "textile materials" will study more - "Textile Materials Science".