How humans learned about the internal structure of the Earth

Researchers recorded ** waves.

data, mapping out the precise mantle.

3D structure. The mantle is located between the earth's crust and outer core. In computer simulations, they revealed the existence of subsurface structures based on the speed of the waves, and the three-dimensional images showed the average value.

Faster ** wave position profile.

This one shows the relative variation in the speed of the shear wave at 389 km underground, with the blue part being the wave above the mean wave velocity and the red part being the wave velocity below the mean. A computer program designed by Tromp and the research team.

Real-world data is compared to the computer model, and the computer model is further refined for any resulting differences.

From external phenomena, the internal structure is inferred.

1) Volcanic eruptions, indicating that the Earth's interior is hot.

2) The Earth's magnetic field. Indicates that there is iron inside.

3) The total weight of the Earth can be calculated from the Earth's orbit around the Sun. The volume of the earth can also be calculated, so that the specific gravity of the earth comes out, and by studying the specific gravity, the specific gravity of the earth, which is close to the specific gravity of the material, is the internal material of the earth. The result is rocky, so that the interior of the earth is composed of 3 parts: liquid iron core + liquid magma + pancrust.

and 4) to prove this theory through the study of the earth's volcanoes and geological exploration. The results are consistent, so it is currently believed that this is the case with the internal structure of the Earth.

Humans have been digging for 10 years, but they have not yet dug through the earth, how do they know the internal structure of the earth?

The discovery of the structure of the earth's interior: The circle structure of the earth's interior is through the study of ** waves, and it is found that there are two discontinuities in the propagation of ** waves in the earth's interior, namely the Moho interface and the Gutenberg interface, which are the boundaries, dividing the earth's interior into the crust, mantle, and core.

The real explanation of the geological structure was proposed in 1910 by the former Yugoslav scientist Moholovic. In his research, at a depth of 2,900 kilometers below our surface, there is an interface that divides our planet into three parts. This is the famous ancient castle interface, which divides our earth into the crust, mantle and core.

Earth composition. Three concentric spheres: the core, the mantle, and the crust.

Earth is the third planet in the solar system from the inside to the outside, and it is also the terrestrial planet with the highest diameter, mass, and density in the solar system. It is also often referred to as the world. The English word earth comes from Old English and Germanic languages.

The Earth is 4,446 billion years old and has a natural satellite, the Moon, which revolves around the Earth in a celestial cycle, while the Earth rotates in a period of 23 hours 56 min4s (close to one solar day 24 hours) and orbits the Sun in a one-year cycle.

The interior of the Earth is the Earth's core.

Below the mantle is the core, which has an average thickness of about 3,400 kilometers. The earth's core can also be divided into three layers: the outer core, the transition layer and the inner core, the thickness of the outer core is about 2080 kilometers, and the material is roughly liquid and can flow. The thickness of the transition layer is about 140 km; The inner core is a sphere with a radius of 1,250 kilometers, and the matter is probably solid, mainly composed of metallic elements such as iron and nickel. The temperature and pressure of the Earth's core are very high, estimated at temperatures above 5,000, pressures of more than 100 million kilopascals, and densities of 13 grams per cubic centimeter.

Some scientists in the United States have experimentally calculated that the temperature at the junction between the mantle and the core is more than 3,500, the temperature at the junction between the outer core and the core is 6,300, and the core temperature is about 6,600.

Transverse waves cannot propagate in the outer core, indicating that the material in the outer core is liquid or molten at high temperatures and pressures. Their "flow" relative to the Earth's crust may be the main reason for the creation of the Earth's magnetic field. The Earth's inner core is generally considered to be solid.

The asthenosphere is generally believed to be one of the main sources of magma).